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We construct two mutually unbiased bases by maximally entangled states (MUMEB$s$) in $\mathbb{C}^{2}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{3}$. This is the first example of MUMEB$s$ in $\mathbb{C}^{d}\otimes \mathbb{C}^{d'}$ when $d\nmid d'$, namely $d'$ is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-21 Fei Shi , Xiande Zhang , Lin Chen

Suppose that for some unit vectors $b_1,\ldots b_n$ in $\mathbb C^d$ we have that for any $j\neq k$ $b_j$ is either orthogonal to $b_k$ or $|\langle b_j,b_k\rangle|^2 = 1/d$ (i.e. $b_j$ and $b_k$ are unbiased). We prove that if $n=d(d+1)$,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-01 Máté Matolcsi , Mihály Weiner

We study mutually unbiased maximally entangled bases (MUMEB's) in bipartite system $\mathbb{C}^d\otimes\mathbb{C}^d (d \geq 3)$. We generalize the method to construct MUMEB's given in [16], by using any commutative ring $R$ with $d$…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-12 Junying Liu , Minghui Yang , Keqin Feng

In our previous paper \cite{co1} we have shown that the theory of circulant matrices allows to recover the result that there exists $p+1$ Mutually Unbiased Bases in dimension $p$, $p$ being an arbitrary prime number. Two orthonormal bases…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-04-24 M. Combescure

The structural characterization of high-dimensional mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) by classifying MUBs subsets remains a major open problem. The existing methods not only fail to conclude on the exact classification, but also are severely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Jianxin Song , Zhen-Peng Xu , Changliang Ren

It is conjectured that the question of the existence of projective planes whose order is not a power of prime is intimately linked with the problem whether there exists a set of d+1 mutually unbiased bases in a d-dimensional Hilbert space…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Metod Saniga , Michel Planat , Haret Rosu

We investigate the unextendible maximally entangled bases in $\mathbb{C}^{d}\bigotimes\mathbb{C}^{d}$ and present a $30$-number UMEB construction in $\mathbb{C}^{6}\bigotimes\mathbb{C}^{6}$. For higher dimensional case, we show that for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-17 Yan-Ling Wang , Mao-Sheng Li , Shao-Ming Fei

A complete set of N+1 mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) exists in Hilbert spaces of dimension N = p^k, where p is a prime number. They mesh naturally with finite affine planes of order N, that exist when N = p^k. The existence of MUBs for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Ingemar Bengtsson

For a system of N qubits, spanning a Hilbert space of dimension d=2^N, it is known that there exists d+1 mutually unbiased bases. Different construction algorithms exist, and it is remarkable that different methods lead to sets of bases…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 J. L. Romero , G. Bjork , A. B. Klimov , L. L. Sanchez-Soto

Mutually unbiased bases (MUB) are useful in a number of research areas. The symmetry of MUB is an elusive and interesting subject. A (complete set of) MUB in dimension $d$ is sharply covariant if it can be generated by a group of order…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-09 Huangjun Zhu

In quantum mechanics, mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) represent orthonormal bases that are as "far apart" as possible, and their classification reveals rich underlying geometric structure. Given a complex inner product space, we construct…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Amit Te'eni , Eliahu Cohen

Two equivalent ways of looking for mutually unbiased bases are discussed in this note. The passage from the search for d+1 mutually unbiased bases in C(d) to the search for d(d+1) vectors in C(d*d) satisfying constraint relations is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-06 Maurice Robert Kibler

Mutually unbiased bases for quantum degrees of freedom are central to all theoretical investigations and practical exploitations of complementary properties. Much is known about mutually unbiased bases, but there are also a fair number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-04 Thomas Durt , Berthold-Georg Englert , Ingemar Bengtsson , Karol Życzkowski

We solved the unextendible maximally entangled basis (UMEB) problem in $\mathbb{C}^{d}\bigotimes\mathbb{C}^{d'}(d\neq d')$,the results turn out to be that there always exist a UMEB.In addition,there might be two sets of UMEB with different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-10 Mao-Sheng Li , Yan-Ling Wang , Zhu-Jun Zheng

The connection between maximal sets of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in a prime-power dimensional Hilbert space and finite phase-space geometries is well known. In this article we classify MUBs according to their degree of covariance with…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-06-23 Claudio Carmeli , Jussi Schultz , Alessandro Toigo

We present a systematic method to introduce free parameters in sets of mutually unbiased bases. In particular, we demonstrate that any set of m real mutually unbiased bases in dimension N>2 admits the introduction of (m-1)N/2 free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-19 Dardo Goyeneche , Santiago Gomez

In this work, the concept of mutually unbiased frames is introduced as the most general notion of unbiasedness for sets composed by linearly independent and normalized vectors. It encompasses the already existing notions of unbiasedness for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-09 F. Caro Perez , V. Gonzalez Avella , D. Goyeneche

Mutually unbiased bases correspond to highly useful pairs of measurements in quantum information theory. In the smallest composite dimension, six, it is known that between three and seven mutually unbiased bases exist, with a decades-old…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-17 Maria Prat Colomer , Luke Mortimer , Irénée Frérot , Máté Farkas , Antonio Acín

In this paper, we prove that the existence of a complete set of mutually unbiased bases (MUBs) in N-dimensional Hilbert space implies the existence of a complete set of mutually orthogonal Latin squares (MOLSs) of order N. In particular, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 Stefan Joka

Mutually unbiased bases in Hilbert spaces of finite dimensions are closely related to the quantal notion of complementarity. An alternative proof of existence of a maximal collection of N+1 mutually unbiased bases in Hilbert spaces of prime…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-12-10 P. Sulc , J. Tolar