Related papers: An absolute Johnson noise thermometer
Equilibrium thermal noise is known to destroy any quantum phase transition. What are the effects of non-equilibrium noise? In two recent papers we have considered the specific case of a resistively-shunted Josephson junction driven by $1/f$…
We report the experimental realization of a non-galvanic, primary thermometer capable of measuring the electron temperature of a two-dimensional electron gas with negligible thermal load. Such a thermometer consists of a quantum dot whose…
Atoms and simple molecules are excellent candidates for new standards and sensors because they are both all identical and their properties are determined by the immutable laws of quantum physics. Here, we introduce the concept of building a…
We report experimental demonstration of the feasibility of reaching temperatures below 1 mK using cryogen-free technology. Our prototype system comprises an adiabatic nuclear demagnetisation stage, based on hyperfine-enhanced nuclear…
We measure current fluctuations of mesoscopic devices in the quantum regime, when the frequency is of the order of or higher than the applied voltage or temperature. Detection is designed to probe separately the absorption and emission…
Cryogenic low noise amplifiers based on high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are widely used in applications such as radio astronomy, deep space communications, and quantum computing, and the physical mechanisms governing the…
The meaning of temperature in nonequilibrium thermodynamics is considered by using a forced harmonic oscillator in a heat bath, where we have two effective temperatures for the position and the momentum, respectively. We invent a concrete…
A classical thermometer typically works by exchanging energy with the system being measured until it comes to equilibrium, at which point the readout is related to the final energy state of the thermometer. A recent paper noted that…
We have directly measured the quantum noise of a superconducting single-electron transistor (S-SET) embedded in a microwave resonator consisting of a superconducting LC tank circuit. Using an effective bath description, we find that the…
Microrefrigerators based on normal metal-insulator-superconductor (NIS) junctions represent a very attractive alternative to cool the microbolometers and calorimeters for astrophysical observations in space-borne experiments. The…
We report an accurate measurement of the phase noise of a thermally limited electronic oscillator at 300 K. By thermally limited we mean that the white signal-to-noise ratio of the oscillator is at or near the level generated by the thermal…
Here we find the increase in 1/f noise of superconducting resonators at low temperatures to be completely incompatible with the standard tunneling model (STM) of Two Level Systems (TLS), which has been used to describe low-frequency noise…
We report on the fabrication of sensitive nanotorsional resonators, which can be utilized as magnetometers for investigating the magnetization dynamics in small magnetic elements. The thermo-mechanical noise is calibrated with the resonator…
We demonstrate a novel approach to thermometry at the nanoscale exploiting a superconducting weak link. Such a weak link probed with nanosecond current pulses serves as a temperature sensing element and, due to the fast inherent dynamics,…
The Nyquist formula quantifies the thermal noise driven fluctuations of voltage across a resistance in equilibrium. We deal here with the case of a resistance driven out of equilibrium by putting it in contact with two thermostats at…
We investigate the noise current in a thermally biased tunnel junction between two superconductors with different zero-temperature gaps. When the Josephson effect is suppressed, this structure can support a nonlinear thermoelectric effect…
Single-qubit thermometry presents the simplest tool to measure the temperature of thermal baths with reduced invasivity. At thermal equilibrium, the temperature uncertainty is linked to the heat capacity of the qubit, however the best…
We present a SI-traceable temperature calibration apparatus utilizing optical lattice clocks for precision metrology. The system employs a dual-blackbody radiation shield chamber with independent temperature control, enabling synchronous…
We investigate Coulomb blockade thermometers (CBT) in an intermediate temperature regime, where measurements with enhanced accuracy are possible due to the increased magnitude of the differential conductance dip. Previous theoretical…
The operation of the primary Coulomb blockade thermometer (CBT) is based on a measurement of bias voltage dependent conductance of arrays of tunnel junctions between normal metal electrodes. Here we report on a comparison of a CBT with a…