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Related papers: An absolute Johnson noise thermometer

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Delta-T shot noise is activated in temperature-biased electronic junctions, down to the atomic scale. It is characterized by a quadratic dependence on the temperature difference and a nonlinear relationship with the transmission…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Matthew Gerry , Jonathan J. Wang , Joanna Li , Ofir Shein-Lumbroso , Oren Tal , Dvira Segal

Temperature estimation, known as thermometry, is a critical sensing task for physical systems operating in the quantum regime. Indeed, thermal fluctuations can significantly degrade quantum coherence. Therefore, accurately determining the…

In statistical mechanics, entropy is defined as a fundamental quantity. However, its unit, J/K, involves that of temperature, which is only subsequently defined - and defined in terms of entropy. This circularity arises with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-03 Charles Alexandre Bédard , Sophie Berthelette , Xavier Coiteux-Roy , Stefan Wolf

Noisy voltage sources can be a limiting factor for fundamental physics experiments as well as for device applications in quantum information, mesoscopic circuits, magnetometry, and other fields. The best commercial DC voltage sources can be…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-11-05 J. -L. Smirr , P. Manset , Ç. Ö. Girit

In the electronic measurement of the Boltzmann constant based on Johnson noise thermometry, the ratio of the power spectral densities of thermal noise across a resistor at the triple point of water, and pseudo-random noise synthetically…

Applications · Statistics 2017-04-05 Kevin J Coakley , Jifeng Qu

Quantum noise has long served as a powerful probe of quantum transport in mesoscopic junctions. Recently, temperature-driven noise, or $\Delta_T$ noise, has attracted growing interest due to its presence even in the absence of average…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-05-27 Sachiraj Mishra , A Rajmohan Dora , Colin Benjamin

A cryogenic quantum dot thermometer is calibrated and operated using only a single non-galvanic gate connection. The thermometer is probed with radio-frequency reflectometry and calibrated by fitting a physical model to the phase of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 J. M. A. Chawner , S. Barraud , M. F. Gonzalez-Zalba , S. Holt , E. A. Laird , Yu. A. Pashkin , J. R. Prance

The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond has been broadly applied in quantum sensing since it is sensitive to different physical quantities. Meanwhile, it is difficult to isolate disturbances from unwanted physical quantities in practical…

Resistance thermometry is a time-tested method for taking temperature measurements. In recent years fundamental limits to resistance-based approaches spurred considerable interest in developing photonic temperature sensors as a viable…

Optics · Physics 2015-10-28 Nikolai N. Klimov , Sunil Mittal , Michaela Berger , Zeeshan Ahmed

The Coulomb Blockade Thermometer (CBT) is a primary thermometer for cryogenic temperatures, with demonstrated operation from below 1 mK up to 60 K. Its performance as a primary thermometer has been verified at temperatures from 20 mK to 200…

A vacuum compatible cryogenic accelerometer is presented which will reach $<0.5$ p$g$ Hz$^{-1/2}$ sensitivity from 1 mHz to 10 Hz with a maximum sensitivity of 10 f$g$ Hz$^{-1/2}$ around 10 Hz. This figure can be translated to a…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Joris Vincent van Heijningen

Magnetic Johnson noise is an important consideration for many applications involving precision magnetometry, and its significance will only increase in the future with improvements in measurement sensitivity. The fluctuation-dissipation…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-10-11 N. S. Phan , S. M. Clayton , Y. J. Kim , T. M. Ito

We demonstrate metamaterial metal-based bolometers, which take advantage of resonant absorption in that a spectral and/or polarization filter can be built into the bolometer. Our proof-of-principle gold-nanostructure-based devices operate…

We describe a compact calorimeter that opens ultra-low temperature heat capacity studies of small metal crystals in moderate magnetic fields. The performance is demonstrated on the canonical heavy Fermion metal YbRh2Si2. Thermometry is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-07-02 Jan Knapp , Lev V. Levitin , Ján Nyéki , Manuel Brando , John Saunders

Magnetic Johnson-Nyquist noise (JNN) originating from metal electrodes, used to create a static electric field in neutron electric-dipole-moment (nEDM) experiments, may limit the sensitivity of measurements. We present here the first…

We have embedded a small Josephson junction in a microwave resonator that allows simultaneous dc biasing and dispersive readout. Thermal fluctuations drive the junction into phase diffusion and induce a temperature-dependent shift in the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-09-23 O. -P. Saira , M. Zgirski , K. L. Viisanen , D. S. Golubev , J. P. Pekola

Non-invasive measurement of absolute temperature is important for proper characterization of various pathologies and for evaluation of thermal dose during interventional procedures. The proton magnetic resonance (MR) frequency shift method…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-05-31 Emilia Silletta , Alexej Jerschow , Guillaume Madelin , Leeor Alon

Temperature scale and the Boltzmann constant: The newest system of units is based on a compatible set of natural constants with fixed values. An example is the Boltzmann constant k which defines the thermal energy content kT. To express the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-10-02 G. J. Ehnholm , M. Krusius

Measuring thermodynamic quantities can be easy or not, depending on the system that is being studied. For a macroscopic object, measuring temperatures can be as simple as measuring how much a column of mercury rises when in contact with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-15 O. P. de Sá Neto , M. C. de Oliveira , G. J. Milburn

We perform transport and noise measurements for device consisting of a thin NbSe$_2$ flake laid onto the predefined gold electrodes and covered with a thin hBN flake. In the shot noise of a NbSe$_2$/Au tunnel junction (TJ), we identify…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 M. G. Prokudina , A. F. Shevchun , E. S. Tikhonov