Related papers: Test of the hadronic interaction model EPOS with a…
Atmospheric muons are one of the main backgrounds for current Water- and Ice-Cherenkov neutrino telescopes designed to detect astrophysical neutrinos. The inclusive fluxes of atmospheric muons and neutrinos from hadronic interactions of…
We propose a method to extract high-energy hadronic interaction properties from the distributions of two of the main observables of proton extensive air showers: the depth of maximum shower development, $X_\mathrm{max}$, and the number of…
Measurements of electron, muon, and hadron lateral distributions of extensive air showers as recorded by the KASCADE experiment are presented. The data cover the energy range from about 5x10^14 eV up to almost 10^17 eV and extend from the…
Recently an essential progress in development of physical models for cosmic ray induced ionization in the atmosphere is achieved. Basically, the models are full target, i.e. based on Monte Carlo simulation of an electromagnetic-muon-nucleon…
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) refer to cosmic rays with energy above 10^{18} eV. UHECR experiments utilize simulations of extensive air shower to estimate the properties of UHECRs. The Telescope Array (TA) experiment employs the…
We present a meta-analysis of recent muon density measurements made by eight air shower experiments which cover shower energies ranging from PeV to tens of EeV regarding the muon puzzle in extensive air showers. Some experimental analyses…
At Auger energies only model predictions enable us to extract primary cosmic ray features. The simulation of the shower evolution depends sensitively on the first few interactions, necessarily related to the quality of our understanding of…
The ultrahigh energy tail of the cosmic ray spectrum has been explored with unprecedented detail. For this reason, new experiments are exerting a severe pressure on extensive air shower modeling. Detailed fast codes are in need in order to…
In this study, the necessity of the simulation study for exploring the interactions of ultra-high energy particles cosmic rays was examined. Different hadronic interaction models such as (SIBYLL, QGSJET, and EPOS) were simulated by using…
Multiple experiments reported evidences of a muon deficit in air shower simulations with respect to data, which increases with the primary energy. In this work, we study the muon deficit using measurements of the muon density at $1000\,$m…
The hardness of the energy spectrum of neutral pions produced in proton-air interactions at ultra-high energies, above $10^{18}$ eV, is constrained by the steepness of the shower-to-shower distribution of the number of muons in…
The paper presents data on the muon component with a threshold \(\varepsilon_{thr} \geq\) 1 GeV. Air showers were registered at the Yakutsk array during almost 50 years of continuous air shower observations. The characteristics of muons are…
The physics content of the QGSJET-III Monte Carlo generator of high energy hadronic collisions is discussed. New theoretical approaches implemented in QGSJET-III are addressed in some detail and a comparison to alternative treatments of…
CORSIKA 8 is a modern, flexible framework for simulating particle cascades in air and dense media, allowing for fully customizable shower simulations. The radio module autonomously handles electric field calculations and propagation to…
Under the influence of standardly used description of Coulomb-hadronic interference proposed by West and Yennie the protons have been interpreted as transparent objects; elastic events have been interpreted as more central than inelastic…
Over the past 20 years, KASCADE and its extension KASCADE-Grande were dedicated to measure high-energy cosmic rays with primary energies of 100 TeV to 1 EeV. The data accumulation was fully completed and all experimental components were…
The Cherenkov radio pulse emitted by hadronic showers in ice is calculated for showers of energies in the EeV range. This is obtained with three dimensional simulations of both shower development and the coherent radio pulse emitted as the…
First analyses of coincident data of the LOPES (LOfar PrototypE Station) radio antennas with the particle air shower experiment KASCADE-Grande show basic correlations in the observed shower parameters, like the strength of the radio signal…
We examine the probability of proton-induced air showers at $E>10\,$EeV being misidentified as photon-induced due to neutral pions receiving a major part of the primary energy in the first interaction, thereby enhancing the electromagnetic…
We report the reconstruction of the mass component spectra of cosmic rays (protons, helium, carbon, silicon and iron) and their mean mass composition, at energies from 1.4 to 100 PeV. The results are derived from the archival data of the…