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While sunspots are easily observed at the solar surface, determining their subsurface structure is not trivial. There are two main hypotheses for the subsurface structure of sunspots: the monolithic model and the cluster model. Local…
The sudden release of magnetic energy on the Sun drives powerful solar flares and coronal mass ejections. The key issue is the difficulty in predicting the occurrence time and location of strong solar eruptions, i.e., those leading to the…
Since the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) began recording ~ 1 TB of data per day, there has been an increased need to automatically extract features and events for further analysis. Here we compare the overall detection performance,…
We study the evolution of spectra of acoustic waves that are generated in the convection zone and propagate upward into the photosphere, where we compare the simulated acoustic spectra with the spectrum observed in an Fe I line. Although…
A solar active region (AR) is a three-dimensional magnetic structure formed in the convection zone, whose property is fundamentally important for determining the coronal structure and solar activity when emerged. However, our knowledge on…
The interaction between emerging active regions and the pre-existing coronal magnetic field is important to understand better the mechanisms of storage and release of magnetic energy from the convection zone to the high corona. We are…
Magnetic active regions on the Sun are harbingers of space weather events. Understanding the physics of how they form and evolve will improve space weather forecasting. Our aim is to characterise the surface magnetic field and flows for a…
We present a radiative magnetohydrodynamics simulation of the formation of an Active Region on the solar surface. The simulation models the rise of a buoyant magnetic flux bundle from a depth of 7.5 Mm in the convection zone up into the…
We have developed 3D, compressible, non-linear radiative MHD simulations to study the influence of the magnetic field of various strength and geometry on the turbulent convective cells and on the excitation mechanisms of the acoustic…
We study the effects of different descriptions of the solar surface convection on the eigenfrequencies of p-modes. 1-D evolution calculations of the whole Sun and 3-D hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the current surface…
We present a new method for helioseismic diagnostics of the three-dimensional structure of sound speed, magnetic fields and flow velocities in the convection zone by inversion of acoustic travel-time data. The data are measurements of the…
Solar oscillations are expected to be excited by turbulent flows in the intergranular lanes near the solar surface. Time series recorded by the IMaX instrument aboard the {\sc Sunrise} observatory reveal solar oscillations at high…
The solar acoustic oscillations are likely stochastically excited by convective dynamics in the solar photosphere, though few direct observations of individual source events have been made and their detailed characteristics are still…
In solar-like stars, acoustic modes provide the main way of probing their internal structure and dynamics. Although these modes are expected to be ubiquitous in stars with convective envelopes, Kepler observations reveal that a significant…
The emergence of dipolar magnetic features on the solar surface is an idealization. Most of the magnetic flux emergence occurs in complex multipolar regions. Here, we show that the surface pattern of magnetic structures alone can reveal the…
Emerging active regions are associated with convective flows on the spatial scale and lifetimes of supergranules. To understand how these flows are involved in the formation of active regions, we aim to identify where active regions emerge…
Waves and oscillations have been observed in the Sun's atmosphere for over half a century. While such phenomena have readily been observed across the entire electromagnetic spectrum, spanning radio to gamma-ray sources, the underlying role…
The phenomena observed at the Sun have a variety of unique radio signatures that can be used to diagnose the processes in the solar atmosphere. The insights provided by radio obervations are further enhanced when they are combined with…
The development of accurate forecasts of solar eruptive activity has become increasingly important for preventing potential impacts on space technologies and exploration. Therefore, it is crucial to detect Active Regions (ARs) before they…
Turbulent properties of the quiet Sun represent the basic state of surface conditions, and a background for various processes of solar activity. Therefore understanding of properties and dynamics of this `basic' state is important for…