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Recent ideas based on the properties of assemblies of frictionless particles in mechanical equilibrium provide a perspective of amorphous systems different from that offered by the traditional approach originating in liquid theory. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-07-09 R. Mari , F. Krzakala , J. Kurchan

We use a hydrodynamical model to describe the evolution of the collision system at collision energies sqrt{s}=130 and 200 GeV. At lower sqrt{s}=130 GeV energy we compare the results obtained assuming fast or slow thermalization…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 P. Huovinen

I review recent analytical and numerical advances in the study of non-equilibrium quark-gluon plasma physics. I concentrate on studies of the dynamics of plasmas which are locally anisotropic in momentum space. In contrast to locally…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Michael Strickland

We propose a method to estimate the entropy of thermal pions in A+A collisions irrespective of unknown form of freeze-out (isothermal) hypersurface and transverse flows developed. We analyse the average phase-space densities and entropies…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Yu. M. Sinyukov , S. V. Akkelin

Thermalization of classical fields is investigated in a \phi^4 scalar field theory in 1+1 dimensions, discretized on a lattice. We numerically integrate the classical equations of motion using initial conditions sampled from various…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Gert Aarts , Gian Franco Bonini , Christof Wetterich

We argue that the idea that the parton system created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is formed in a state with transverse momenta close to thermodynamic equilibrium and its subsequent dynamics at early times is dominated by pure…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 A. Bialas , M. Chojnacki , W. Florkowski

In this minireview article, we examine the inconsistent results of thermal parameters derived from various models in high-energy collisions. Through a comprehensive literature review and based on the average transverse momentum or the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-03-05 Ting-Ting Duan , Sahanaa Büriechin , Hai-Ling Lao , Fu-Hu Liu , Khusniddin K. Olimov

Scattering of particles produced in Au+Au collisions at RHIC can wrestle the system into a state near local thermal equilibrium. I illustrate how measurements of the centrality dependence of the mean transverse momentum and its fluctuations…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 Sean Gavin

A collision between two atomic nuclei accelerated at a speed close to that of light creates a dense system of quarks and gluons. Interactions among them are so strong that they behave collectively like a droplet of fluid of ten-femtometer…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-05-07 Rupam Samanta , Somadutta Bhatta , Jiangyong Jia , Matthew Luzum , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Within hydrodynamics we study the effects of the initial spatial anisotropy in non-central heavy-ion collisions on the momentum distributions of the emitted hadrons. We show that the elliptic flow measured at midrapidity in 158 A GeV/c…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-09 Peter F. Kolb , Josef Sollfrank , Ulrich Heinz

Transverse expansion of centrally produced matter in Pb on Pb collisions at beam energies around 158 AGeV appears to be rather `soft'. Two possible reasons -- an extended preequilibrium stage and a first order phase transition from a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 H. Sorge

We look at thermalization and isotropization processes in the newly introduced AMY QCD kinetic theory parton cascade ALPACA. For thermalization, we consider the case of overoccupied initial conditions, and study the time evolution of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-11 Robin Törnkvist , Korinna Zapp

In the pre-thermal equilibrium stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a strong quasi-classical transverse gluon field emerges at about $\tau_0 \simeq 0.1 \, \rm fm/c$ and evolves together with their longitudinal counterparts according…

In this contribution I discuss some recent progress in understanding the evolution of the pre-thermal quark-gluon matter, known as the glasma, during the early stage in heavy ion collisions, and the implication for early time photon and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-19 Jinfeng Liao

For a decade the fate of a one-dimensional gas of interacting bosons in an external trapping potential remained mysterious. We here show that whenever the underlying integrability of the gas is broken by the presence of the external…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2021-01-04 Alvise Bastianello , Andrea De Luca , Benjamin Doyon , Jacopo De Nardis

We study the thermal evolution of a pulsar after a glitch in which the energy is released from a relative compact region. A set of relativistic thermal transport and energy balance equations is used to study the thermal evolution, without…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 K. S. Cheng , Y. Li , W. -M. Suen

Quantum effects in material systems are often pronounced at low energies and become insignificant at high temperatures. We find that, perhaps counterintuitively, certain quantum effects may follow the opposite route and become sharp when…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-09-08 Z. Nussinov , F. Nogueira , M. Blodgett , K. F. Kelton

Recent analyses show evidence for a thermal emission component that accompanies the non-thermal emission during the prompt phase of GRBs. First, we show the evidence for the existence of this component; Second, we show that this component…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-03-15 Asaf Pe'er , Felix Ryde

The transverse momentum (pt) dependence, the centrality dependence and the rapidity dependence of the elliptic flow of thermal photons in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV are predicted, based on a three-dimensional ideal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2013-05-29 Fu-Ming Liu , Tetsufumi Hirano , Klaus Werner , Yan Zhu

We identify the universal mechanism behind the thermalization of (1+1)d QFTs at high and low temperatures. Viewing these theories as CFTs perturbed by relevant or irrelevant deformations, we show that conformal perturbation theory in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-09 Richard A. Davison , Luca V. Delacretaz