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For over 50 years, astronomers have searched the skies for evidence of electromagnetic signals from extraterrestrial civilizations that have reached or surpassed our level of technological development. Although often overlooked or given as…

Popular Physics · Physics 2011-12-05 Marko Horvat , Anamari Nakić , Ivana Otočan

The Fermi Paradox is the apparent contradiction between the high probability extraterrestrial civilizations' existence and the lack of contact with such civilizations. In general, solutions to Fermi's paradox come down to either estimation…

Popular Physics · Physics 2010-07-27 I. Bezsudnov , A. Snarskii

The Drake equation pertains to the essentially equilibrium situation in a population of communicative civilizations (CCs) of the Galaxy, but it does not describe dynamical processes which can occur in it. Both linear and non-linear…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-24 A. D. Panov

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) makes certain assumptions which guide all current search programs. To illustrate some, this includes (1) that interstellar flight is not possible (2) that the motivations of interstellar…

Popular Physics · Physics 2019-01-31 Kelvin F Long

The Drake equation has been used many times to estimate the number of observable civilizations in the Galaxy. However, the uncertainty of the outcome is so great that any individual result is of limited use, as predictions can range from a…

Popular Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Alex De Visscher

In this paper we address the cosmic frequency of technological species. Recent advances in exoplanet studies provide strong constraints on all astrophysical terms in the Drake Equation. Using these and modifying the form and intent of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-01 Adam Frank , W. T. Sullivan

In this work we address the problem of estimating the probabilities of causal contacts between civilisations in the Galaxy. We make no assumptions regarding the origin and evolution of intelligent life. We simply assume a network of…

Popular Physics · Physics 2020-07-14 Marcelo Lares , José Funes , Luciana Gramajo

The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will operate in frequency ranges often used by military radar and other communications technology. It has been shown that if Extraterrestrial Intelligences (ETIs) communicate using similar technology, then…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 D. H. Forgan , R. C. Nichol

As the only known intelligent civilization, human beings are always curious about the existence of other communicating extraterrestrial intelligent civilizations (CETIs). Based on the latest astrophysical information, we carry out Monte…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-04-13 Wenjie Song , He Gao

I compare three methods for transmitting signals over interstellar distances: radio transmitters, lasers and artificial transits. The quantitative comparison is based on physical quantities depending on energy cost and transmitting time L,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Luc Arnold

We critically investigate some evolutionary aspects of the famous Drake equation, which is usually presented as the central guide for the research on extraterrestrial intelligence. It is shown that the Drake equation tacitly relies on…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Milan M. Cirkovic

The fermi paradox uses an appeal to the mediocrity principle to make it seem counter-intuitive that humanity has not been contacted by extraterrestrial intelligence. A numerical, statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether this…

Popular Physics · Physics 2016-06-17 Evan Solomonides , Yervant Terzian

Probabilistic arguments about the existence of technological life beyond Earth traditionally refer to the Drake equation to draw possible estimates of the number of technologically advanced civilizations releasing, either intentionally or…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-01 Claudio Grimaldi

The Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence (SETI) using radio telescopes is an area of research that is now more than 50 years old. Thus far, both targeted and wide-area surveys have yet to detect artificial signals from intelligent…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Michael A. Garrett

The ubiquity of information transmission via molecular communication between cells is comprehensively documented on Earth; this phenomenon might even have played a vital role in the origin(s) and early evolution of life. Motivated by these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-26 Manasvi Lingam

Speculation about the existence of advanced forms of life in the Universe and in our galaxy, has been since ever a subject of fascination and discussion in fiction, as well as in astrophysics, biology and philosophy. The well-known Fermi's…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-11-18 Orfeu Bertolami

Radio communication over interstellar distances is studied, accounting for noise, dispersion, scattering and motion. Large transmitted powers suggest maximizing power efficiency (ratio of information rate to average signal power) as opposed…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-01 David G. Messerschmitt

A radio transmitter which is accelerating with a non-zero radial component with respect to a receiver will produce a signal that appears to change its frequency over time. This effect, commonly produced in astrophysical situations where…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-16 Sofia Z. Sheikh , Jason T. Wright , Andrew P. Siemion , J. Emilio Enriquez

Land-based beacons, information laden probes sent into our solar system, and more distal communication nodes have each been proposed as the most likely means by which we might be contacted by ET. Each method, considered in isolation from…

Popular Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 John Gertz

In the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI), the highly incomplete sampling of the technosignature search space is often considered as a plausible explanation for the persistent lack of detections over six decades of searches. If…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-23 Claudio Grimaldi