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Simulation of rainfall over a region for long time-sequences can be very useful for planning and policy-making, especially in India where the economy is heavily reliant on monsoon rainfall. However, such simulations should be able to…

Applications · Statistics 2017-09-04 Adway Mitra

We propose a computationally efficient statistical method to obtain distributional properties of annual maximum 24 hour precipitation on a 1 km by 1 km regular grid over Iceland. A latent Gaussian model is built which takes into account…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-23 Óli Páll Geirsson , Birgir Hrafnkelsson , Daniel Simpson

Extreme floods cause casualties, and widespread damage to property and vital civil infrastructure. We here propose a Bayesian approach for predicting extreme floods using the generalized extreme-value (GEV) distribution within gauged and…

Timely and spatially resolved disaster impact assessment is essential for effective emergency response. However, automated methods typically struggle with temporal asynchrony. Real-time human reports capture peak hazard conditions while…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Yiming Xiao , Kai Yin , Ali Mostafavi

Doppler radars are routinely used for the remote sensing of oceanic surface currents and atmospheric wind profiles. Even though they operate at different frequencies and address different media, they follow very similar processing for the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-02-02 Baptiste Domps , Julien Marmain , Charles-Antoine Guérin

Gridded satellite precipitation datasets are useful in hydrological applications as they cover large regions with high density. However, they are not accurate in the sense that they do not agree with ground-based measurements. An…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 Georgia Papacharalampous , Hristos Tyralis , Anastasios Doulamis , Nikolaos Doulamis

Recent advances in time series research facilitate the development of foundation models. While many state-of-the-art time series foundation models have been introduced, few studies examine their effectiveness in specific downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Junyang He , Judy Fox , Alireza Jafari , Ying-Jung Chen , Geoffrey Fox

Meteorological radar reflectivity data (i.e. radar echo) significantly influences precipitation prediction. It can facilitate accurate and expeditious forecasting of short-term heavy rainfall bypassing the need for complex Numerical Weather…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-14 Shengchao Chen , Ting Shu , Huan Zhao , Guo Zhong , Xunlai Chen

We propose a Bayesian hierarchical model for spatial extremes on a large domain. In the data layer a Gaussian elliptical copula having generalized extreme value (GEV) marginals is applied. Spatial dependence in the GEV parameters are…

The main challenges of measuring precipitation are related to the spatio-temporal variability of the drop-size distribution, to the uncertainties that condition the modeling of that distribution, and to the instrumental errors present in…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2013-06-25 Ramiro Checa-Garcia

We applied a variety of parametric and non-parametric machine learning models to predict the probability distribution of rainfall based on 1M training examples over a single year across several U.S. states. Our top performing model based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Adam Lesnikowski

We present, motivate, and evaluate Radar Maxima, a calibrated area-based probabilistic forecast product for heavy precipitation. It is designed to overcome inherent limitations of point-based forecasts, which often yield low probabilities…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Reinhold Hess

We introduce RaidaR, a rich annotated image dataset of rainy street scenes, to support autonomous driving research. The new dataset contains the largest number of rainy images (58,542) to date, 5,000 of which provide semantic segmentations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Jiongchao Jin , Arezou Fatemi , Wallace Lira , Fenggen Yu , Biao Leng , Rui Ma , Ali Mahdavi-Amiri , Hao Zhang

Deep learning has emerged as a promising tool for precipitation downscaling. However, current models rely on likelihood-based loss functions to properly model the precipitation distribution, leading to spatially inconsistent projections…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-08-02 Jose González-Abad

Weather regimes provide a useful framework for describing large-scale atmospheric variability and its impacts on regional weather. Despite extensive study, there is still no universally accepted definition or method for identifying weather…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Soheil Anbouhi

Predicting the intensity and amount of sunlight as a function of location and time is an essential component in identifying promising locations for economical solar farming. Although weather models and irradiance data are relatively…

Applications · Statistics 2019-06-25 Furong Sun , Robert B. Gramacy , Benjamin Haaland , Siyuan Lu , Youngdeok Hwang

This work introduces a novel approach for generating conditional probabilistic rainfall forecasts with temporal and spatial dependence. A two-step procedure is employed. Firstly, marginal location-specific distributions are jointly…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-31 David Huk , Rilwan A. Adewoyin , Ritabrata Dutta

Short-term (0-24 hours) precipitation forecasting is highly valuable to socioeconomic activities and public safety. However, the highly complex evolution patterns of precipitation events, the extreme imbalance between precipitation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shuangliang Li , Siwei Li , Li Li , Weijie Zou , Jie Yang , Maolin Zhang

Climate modelers generally require meteorological information on regular grids, but monitoring stations are, in practice, sited irregularly. Thus, there is a need to produce public data records that interpolate available data to a high…

Applications · Statistics 2009-06-08 Michael L. Stein

Despite the remarkable strides made by AI-driven models in modern precipitation forecasting, these black-box models cannot inherently deepen the comprehension of underlying mechanisms. To address this limitation, we propose an AI-driven…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-05-12 Hao Xu , Yuntian Chen , Zhenzhong Zeng , Nina Li , Jian Li , Dongxiao Zhang