Related papers: Proca equations derived from first principles

It is shown that the expressions for the tangential pressure, the anisotropy factor and the radial pressure in the Einstein - Maxwell equations may serve as generating functions for charged stellar models. The latter can incorporate an…

A strong background field will change the vacuum structure and the proper basis of a system drastically in both classical and quantum mechanics, e.g. the Landau levels in a background magnetic field. The situation is the same for the…

The scalar field theory with higher derivatives is considered in the first order formalism. The field equation of the forth order describes scalar particles possessing two mass states. The first order relativistic wave equation in the…

The Schroedinger- and Klein-Gordon equations are directly derived from classical Lagrangians. The only inputs are given by the discreteness of energy (E=hbar.w) and momentum (p=hbar.k), respectively, as well as the assumed existence of a…

Dirac's equation of the electron will be discussed by using quaternions as the basis of a new formalism which seems to be very well adapted to the problem. The transformation properties of the equations as well as the invariant and…

In this paper, we introduce a new classical fractional particle model incorporating fractional first derivatives. This model represents a natural extension of the standard classical particle with kinetic energy being quadratic in fractional…

Orbital motion of a body can be found from Newtonian equation of motion. However, it is useful to express the motion through time derivatives of Keplerian orbital elements, mainly if the motion is perturbed by small perturbing force. The…

The degree by which a function can be differentiated need not be restricted to integer values. Usually most of the field equations of physics are taken to be second order, curiosity asks what happens if this is only approximately the case…

To date, different alternative theories of gravity, although related, involving Proca fields have been proposed. Unfortunately, the procedure to obtain the relevant terms in some formulations has not been systematic enough or exhaustive,…

Eliminating the arbitrary coefficients in the equation of a generic plane curve of order $n$ by computing sufficiently many derivatives, one obtains a differential equation. This is a projective invariant. The first one, corresponding to…

Maxwell's equations cannot describe a homogeneous and isotropic universe with a uniformly distributed net charge, because the electromagnetic field tensor in such a universe must be vanishing everywhere. For a closed universe with a nonzero…

In this paper, we first review Huei's formulation in which it is shown that the linearized Einstein equations can be written in the same form as the Maxwell equations. We eliminate some imperfections like the scalar potential which is ill…

Dirac's quantization of the Maxwell theory on non-commutative spaces has been considered. First class constraints were found which are the same as in classical electrodynamics. The gauge covariant quantization of the non-linear equations of…

We consider Maxwell-Lorentz dynamics: that is to say, Newton's law under the action of a Lorentz's force which obeys the Maxwell equations. A natural class of solutions are those given by the Lagrangian submanifolds of the phase space when…

We show that the iterates generated by a generic first-order meta-algorithm satisfy a canonical perturbed Fenchel duality inequality. The latter in turn readily yields a unified derivation of the best known convergence rates for various…

Maxwell's four differential equations describing electromagnetism are amongst the most famous equations in science. Feynman said that they provide four of the seven fundamental laws of classical physics. In this paper, we derive Maxwell's…

The purpose of this paper is to give an easy to understand with step-by-step explanation to allow interested people to fully appreciate the power of natural deduction for first-order logic. Natural deduction as a proof system can be used to…

We demonstrate how to derive Maxwell's equations, including Faraday's law and Maxwell's correction to Amp\`ere's law, by generalizing the description of static electromagnetism to dynamical situations. Thereby, Faraday's law is introduced…

Present quantum Monte Carlo codes use statistical techniques adapted to find the amplitude of a quantum system or the associated eigenvalues. Thus, they do not use a true physical random source. It is demonstrated that, in fact, quantum…

We argue that all Einstein-Maxwell or Einstein-Proca solutions to general relativity may be used to construct a large class of solutions (involving torsion and non-metricity) to theories of non-Riemannian gravitation that have been recently…