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The branching geometry of biological transport networks is characterized by a diameter scaling exponent $\alpha$. Two structural attractors compete: impedance matching ($\alpha \sim 2$) for pulsatile flow and viscous-metabolic minimization…

Biological Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Riccardo Marchesi

Empirical studies on the spatial structures in several real transport networks reveal that the distance distribution in these networks obeys power law. To discuss the influence of the power-law exponent on the network's structure and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-14 Hua Yang , Yuchao Nie , Ying Fan , Yanqing Hu , Zengru Di

Consider a set of $n$ vertices, where each vertex has a location in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that is sampled uniformly from the unit cube in $\mathbb{R}^d$, and a weight associated to it. Construct a random graph by placing edges independently for…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-07 Remco van der Hofstad , Pim van der Hoorn , Neeladri Maitra

We prove that the local limit of the weighted spanning trees on any simple connected high degree almost regular sequence of electric networks is the Poisson(1) branching process conditioned to survive forever, by generalizing [NP22] and…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-01 Ágnes Kúsz

In wireless networks, the knowledge of nodal distances is essential for several areas such as system configuration, performance analysis and protocol design. In order to evaluate distance distributions in random networks, the underlying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-01-24 Sunil Srinivasa , Martin Haenggi

Transportation and distribution networks are a class of spatial networks that have been of interest in recent years. These networks are often characterized by the presence of complex structures such as central loops paired with peripheral…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-01-23 Sebastiano Bontorin , Giulia Cencetti , Riccardo Gallotti , Bruno Lepri , Manlio De Domenico

Strong resilience properties of dynamical flow networks are analyzed for distributed routing policies. The latter are characterized by the property that the way the inflow at a non-destination node gets split among its outgoing links is…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2011-03-28 Giacomo Como , Ketan Savla , Daron Acemoglu , Munther A. Dahleh , Emilio Frazzoli

We rigorously derive the dense graph limit of a discrete model describing the formation of biological transportation networks. The discrete model, defined on undirected graphs with pressure-driven flows, incorporates a convex energy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Nuno J. Alves , Jan Haskovec

Denoising diffusions are a powerful method to generate approximate samples from high-dimensional data distributions. Recent results provide polynomial bounds on their convergence rate, assuming $L^2$-accurate scores. Until now, the tightest…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-07 Joe Benton , Valentin De Bortoli , Arnaud Doucet , George Deligiannidis

Scaling laws that describe the structure of river networks are shown to follow from three simple assumptions. These assumptions are: (1) river networks are structurally self-similar, (2) single channels are self-affine, and (3) overland…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-25 Peter Sheridan Dodds , Daniel H. Rothman

We study the total $\alpha$-powered length of the rooted edges in a random minimal directed spanning tree - first introduced in Bhatt and Roy (2004) - on a Poisson process with intensity $s \ge 1$ on the unit cube $[0,1]^d$ for $d \ge 3$.…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Chinmoy Bhattacharjee

We consider random resistor networks with nodes given by a point process on $\mathbb{R}^d$ and with random conductances. The length range of the electrical filaments can be unbounded. We assume that the randomness is stationary and ergodic…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-07-21 A. Faggionato

We prove a strong version of the Max-Flow Min-Cut theorem for countable networks, namely that in every such network there exist a flow and a cut that are "orthogonal" to each other, in the sense that the flow saturates the cut and is zero…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-11-23 Ron Aharoni , Eli Berger , Agelos Georgakopoulos , Amitai Perlstein , Philipp Sprüssel

Liquid diodes are surface structures that facilitate the flow of liquids in a specific direction. When these structures are within the capillary regime, they promote liquid transport without the need for external forces. In nature, they are…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-08-24 Camilla Sammartino , Yair Shokef , Bat-El Pinchasik

We study the efficiency of the gradient mechanism of message transfer in a $2-d$ communication network of regular nodes and randomly distributed hubs. Each hub on the network is assigned some randomly chosen capacity and hubs with lower…

Physics and Society · Physics 2009-11-13 Satyam Mukherjee , Neelima Gupte

A theorem of Frieze from 1985 asserts that the total weight of the minimum spanning tree of the complete graph $K_n$ whose edges get independent weights from the distribution $UNIFORM[0,1]$ converges to Ap\'ery's constant in probability, as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-14 Jan Hladký , Gopal Viswanathan

We study the propagation of stress waves through ordered 2D networks of granular chains. The quasi-particle continuum theory employed captures the acoustic pulse splitting, bending, and recombination through the network and is used to…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2015-06-18 Andrea Leonard , Laurent Ponson , Chiara Daraio

We consider the branching random walks in $d$-dimensional integer lattice with time--space i.i.d. offspring distributions. Then the normalization of the total population is a nonnegative martingale and it almost surely converges to a…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-01-07 Makoto Nakashima

This paper provides an overview of results, concerning longest or heaviest paths, in the area of random directed graphs on the integers along with some extensions. We study first-order asymptotics of heaviest paths allowing weights both on…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-09 Sergey Foss , Takis Konstantopoulos

We derive a renormalization method to calculate the spectral dimension $\bar{d}$ of deterministic self-similar networks with arbitrary base units and branching constants. The generality of the method allows the affect of a multitude of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-13 Christophe P. Haynes , Anthony P. Roberts