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We study the local controllability properties of 2D and 3D bio-mimetic swimmers employing the change of their geometric shape to propel themselves in an incompressible fluid described by Navier-Stokes equations. It is assumed that swimmers'…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2016-05-09 Piermarco Cannarsa , Alexandre Khapalov

We here demonstrate the experimental realization of inanimate micro-swimmer complexes showing emergent self-propulsion at low Reynolds number Re < 10^(-4) in quasi 2D colloidal systems. Guided by the substrate, self-organized propulsion…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2013-02-18 Alexander Reinmüller , Hans Joachim Schöpe , Thomas Palberg

In isotropic fluids like water, micrometer-scale swimmers have evolved swim strokes to translate despite their tiny size. As described by Purcell in his Scallop Theorem, reciprocal motions, like those performed by a scallop, cannot drive…

The paper carries on our previous investigations on the complementary version of Purcell's rotator: a low-Reynolds-number swimmer composed of three balls of equal radii. In the asymptotic regime of very long arms, the Stokes induced…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-25 François Alouges , Giovanni Di Fratta

Understanding the stochastic dynamics of tracer particles in active fluids is important for identifying the physical properties of flow generating objects such as colloids, bacteria or algae. Here, we study both analytically and numerically…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2010-10-12 Jörn Dunkel , Victor B. Putz , Irwin M. Zaid , Julia M. Yeomans

We introduce and investigate the wellposedness of two models describing the self-propelled motion of a "small bio-mimetic swimmer" in the 2D and 3D incompressible fluids modeled by the Navier-Stokes equations. It is assumed that the…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-01-13 Alexandre Khapalov , Piermarco Cannarsa , Fabio S. Priuli , Giuseppe Floridia

We simulate the self-propulsion of devices in a fluid in the regime of low Reynolds numbers. Each device consists of three bodies (spheres or capsules) connected with two damped harmonic springs. Sinusoidal driving forces compress the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2011-08-20 Kristina Pickl , Jan Götz , Klaus Iglberger , Jayant Pande , Klaus Mecke , Ana-Suncana Smith , Ulrich Rüde

We propose a model for a thermally driven microswimmer in which three spheres are connected by two springs with odd elasticity. We demonstrate that the presence of odd elasticity leads to the directional locomotion of the stochastic…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-06-08 Kento Yasuda , Yuto Hosaka , Isamu Sou , Shigeyuki Komura

The demonstrations of micro-robotic systems in minimally invasive medicine include an individual or a swarm of microswimmer of various origin, artificial or biohybrid, often with an external computer-controlled electromagnetic field. There…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Ahmet Fatih Tabak

The hydrodynamic flow field generated by self-propelled active particles and swimming microorganisms is strongly altered by the presence of nearby boundaries in a viscous flow. Using a simple model three-linked sphere swimmer, we show that…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-04-18 Abdallah Daddi-Moussa-Ider , Maciej Lisicki , Christian Hoell , Hartmut Löwen

Inspired by the classical Kepler and Rutherford problem, we investigate an analogous set-up in the context of active microswimmers: the behavior of a deformable microswimmer in a swirl flow. First we identify new steady bound states in the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-09-11 Mitsusuke Tarama , Andreas M. Menzel , Hartmut Löwen

Many aquatic microorganisms are able to swim. In natural environments they typically do so in the presence of flows. In recent years it has been shown that the interplay of swimming and flows can give rise to interesting and biologically…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2022-07-20 M. Borgnino , G. Boffetta , M. Cencini , F. De Lillo , K. Gustavsson

Purcell's planar three-link microswimmer is a classic model of swimming in low-Reynolds-number fluid, inspired by motion of flagellated microorganisms. Many works analyzed this model, assuming that the two joint angles are directly…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-07-19 Anna Zigelman , Gilad Ben Zvi , Yizhar Or

Self-organized dynamic patterns in dense active matter are striking manifestations of non-equilibrium physics. A prominent example is the macroscopic elliptical motion observed in quasi-2D bacterial suspensions, which has lacked a physical…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-30 Bing Miao , Lei-Han Tang

We study the properties of arbitrary micro-swimmers towing a passive load through a viscous liquid. The simple close-form expression for the dragging efficiency of a general micro-swimmer dragging a distant load is found, and the leading…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-05-13 Oren Raz , Alexander M. Leshansky

The properties of biological microswimmers are to a large extent determined by fluid-mediated interactions, which govern their propulsion, perception of their surrounding, and the steering of their motion for feeding or in pursuit.…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-04 Segun Goh , Roland G. Winkler , Gerhard Gompper

Swimming at a micrometer scale demands particular strategies. Indeed when inertia is negligible as compared to viscous forces (i.e. Reynolds number $Re$ is lower than unity), hydrodynamics equations are reversible in time. To achieve…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2011-02-17 Michaël Garcia , Stefano Berti , Philippe Peyla , Salima Rafaï

Flagellated microswimmers are ubiquitous in natural habitats. Understanding the hydrodynamic behavior of these cells is of paramount interest, owing to their applications in bio-medical engineering and disease spreading. Since the last two…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2024-05-20 H. Gidituri , G. Kabacaoğlu , M. Ellero , F. Balboa Usabiaga

We illustrate a concept for shape-changing microswimmers, which exploits the hysteresis of a shape transition of an elastic object, by an elastic disk undergoing cyclic localized swelling. Driving the control parameter of a hysteretic shape…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-12-29 Christian Wischnewski , Jan Kierfeld

Micron-size self-propelling particles are often proposed as synthetic models for biological microswimmers, yet they lack internally regulated adaptation, which is central to the autonomy of their biological counterparts. Conversely,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-09-01 L. Alvarez , M. A. Fernandez-Rodriguez , A. Alegria , S. Arrese-Igor , K. Zhao , M. Kröger , Lucio Isa