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Some Quantum Gravity (QG) theories allow for a violation of Lorentz invariance (LIV), manifesting as a dependence of the velocity of light in vacuum on its energy. If such a dependence exists, then photons of different energies emitted…

Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) arises in various quantum-gravity theories. As the typical energy for quantum gravity is the Planck mass, $M_{pl}$, LIV will, most likely, be manifested at very high energies that are not accessible on…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Uri Jacob , Tsvi Piran

We analyze the MeV/GeV emission from four bright Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) observed by the Fermi-Large Area Telescope to produce robust, stringent constraints on a dependence of the speed of light in vacuo on the photon energy (vacuum…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2013-06-06 V. Vasileiou , A. Jacholkowska , F. Piron , J. Bolmont , C. Couturier , J. Granot , F. W. Stecker , J. Cohen-Tanugi , F. Longo

In quantum theory of gravity, we expect the Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) and the modification of the dispersion relation between energy and momentum for photons. The effect of the energy-dependent velocity due to the modified…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-24 Yu Pan , Yungui Gong , Shuo Cao , He Gao , Zong-Hong Zhu

In quantum gravity, a foamy structure of space-time leads to Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). As the most energetic astrophysical processes in the Universe, gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provide an effective way to probe quantum gravity…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-22 Zhe Chang , Xin Li , Hai-Nan Lin , Yu Sang , Ping Wang , Sai Wang

The topic of Lorentz invariance violation is a fundamental question in physics that has taken on particular interest in theoretical explorations of quantum gravity scenarios. I discuss various gamma-ray observations that give limits on…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-08 Floyd W. Stecker

In the gravity quantum theory, the quantization of spacetime may lead to the modification of the dispersion relation between the energy and the momentum and the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV). High energy and long-distance gamma-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-25 Mingyue Chen , Jun Tian , Yu Pan , Tonghua Liu , Shuo Cao

The Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV), a proposed consequence of certain quantum gravity (QG) scenarios, could instigate an energy-dependent group velocity for ultra-relativistic particles. This energy dependence, although suppressed by…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-06 MAGIC Collaboration , S. Abe , J. Abhir , A. Abhishek , V. A. Acciari , A. Aguasca-Cabot , I. Agudo , T. Aniello , S. Ansoldi , L. A. Antonelli , A. Arbet Engels , C. Arcaro , M. Artero , K. Asano , A. Babić , A. Baquero , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , I. Batković , A. Bautista , J. Baxter , J. Becerra González , W. Bednarek , E. Bernardini , J. Bernete , A. Berti , J. Besenrieder , C. Bigongiari , A. Biland , O. Blanch , G. Bonnoli , Ž. Bošnjak , E. Bronzini , I. Burelli , G. Busetto , A. Campoy-Ordaz , A. Carosi , R. Carosi , M. Carretero-Castrillo , A. J. Castro-Tirado , D. Cerasole , G. Ceribella , Y. Chai , A. Cifuentes , E. Colombo , J. L. Contreras , J. Cortina , S. Covino , G. D'Amico , V. D'Elia , P. Da Vela , F. Dazzi , A. De Angelis , B. De Lotto , R. de Menezes , A. Del Popolo , M. Delfino , J. Delgado , C. Delgado Mendez , F. Di Pierro , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , A. Donini , D. Dorner , M. Doro , D. Elsaesser , G. Emery , J. Escudero , L. Fariña , A. Fattorini , L. Foffano , L. Font , S. Fröse , S. Fukami , Y. Fukazawa , R. J. García López , M. Garczarczyk , S. Gasparyan , M. Gaug , J. G. Giesbrecht Paiva , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , P. Gliwny , N. Godinović , T. Gradetzke , R. Grau , D. Green , J. G. Green , P. Günther , D. Hadasch , A. Hahn , T. Hassan , L. Heckmann , J. Herrera Llorente , D. Hrupec , M. Hütten , R. Imazawa , K. Ishio , I. Jiménez Martínez , J. Jormanainen , S. Kankkunen , T. Kayanoki , D. Kerszberg , G. W. Kluge , Y. Kobayashi , P. M. Kouch , H. Kubo , J. Kushida , M. Láinez , A. Lamastra , F. Leone , E. Lindfors , L. Linhoff , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , R. López-Coto , M. López-Moya , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , A. Lorini , E. Lyard , B. Machado de Oliveira Fraga , P. Majumdar , M. Makariev , G. Maneva , M. Manganaro , S. Mangano , K. Mannheim , M. Mariotti , M. Martínez , M. Martínez-Chicharro , A. Mas-Aguilar , D. Mazin , S. Menchiari , S. Mender , D. Miceli , T. Miener , J. M. Miranda , R. Mirzoyan , M. Molero González , E. Molina , H. A. Mondal , A. Moralejo , D. Morcuende , T. Nakamori , C. Nanci , V. Neustroev , L. Nickel , M. Nievas Rosillo , C. Nigro , L. Nikolić , K. Nilsson , K. Nishijima , T. Njoh Ekoume , K. Noda , L. Nogues , S. Nozaki , Y. Ohtani , A. Okumura , J. Otero-Santos , S. Paiano , M. Palatiello , D. Paneque , R. Paoletti , J. M. Paredes , M. Peresano , M. Persic , M. Pihet , G. Pirola , F. Podobnik , P. G. Prada Moroni , E. Prandini , G. Principe , C. Priyadarshi , W. Rhode , M. Ribó , J. Rico , C. Righi , N. Sahakyan , T. Saito , F. G. Saturni , B. Schleicher , K. Schmidt , F. Schmuckermaier , J. L. Schubert , T. Schweizer , A. Sciaccaluga , G. Silvestri , J. Sitarek , V. Sliusar , D. Sobczynska , A. Stamerra , J. Strišković , D. Strom , Y. Suda , H. Tajima , M. Takahashi , R. Takeishi , F. Tavecchio , P. Temnikov , K. Terauchi , T. Terzić , M. Teshima , S. Truzzi , A. Tutone , S. Ubach , J. van Scherpenberg , M. Vazquez Acosta , S. Ventura , I. Viale , C. F. Vigorito , V. Vitale , I. Vovk , R. Walter , M. Will , C. Wunderlich , T. Yamamoto

The delay in the arrival times between high and low energy photons from cosmic sources can be used to test the violation of the Lorentz invariance (LIV), predicted by some quantum gravity theories, and to constrain its characteristic energy…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-29 M. G. Bernardini , G. Ghirlanda , S. Campana , P. D'Avanzo , J. -L. Atteia , S. Covino , G. Ghisellini , A. Melandri , F. Piron , R. Salvaterra , G. Tagliaferri

Lorentz invariance violation in quantum gravity (QG) models or a nonzero photon mass, $m_\gamma$, would lead to an energy-dependent propagation speed for photons, such that photons of different energies from a distant source would arrive at…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-11-19 Deaglan J. Bartlett , Harry Desmond , Pedro G. Ferreira , Jens Jasche

Astrophysical observations provide a unique opportunity to test possible signatures of Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV), due to the high energies and long distances involved. In quantum theory of gravity, one may expect the modification…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-03-04 Yu Pan , Jingzhao Qi , Shuo Cao , Tonghua Liu , Yuting Liu , Shuaibo Geng , Yujie Lian , Zong-Hong Zhu

Searching for Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) using astrophysical sources such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is crucial for probing quantum gravity. However, the dependence of LIV constraints on assumed cosmological models has been largely…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-01 Jun Tian , Yu Pan , Shuo Cao , Qing-Quan Jiang , Wei-Liang Qian

Models of quantum gravity suggest that the vacuum should be regarded as a medium with quantum structure that may have non-trivial effects on photon propagation, including the violation of Lorentz invariance. Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-24 John Ellis , Rostislav Konoplich , Nikolaos E. Mavromatos , Linh Nguyen , Alexander S. Sakharov , Edward K. Sarkisyan-Grinbaum

Lorentz violation (LV) is predicted by some quantum gravity theories, where photon dispersion relation is modified, and the speed of light becomes energy-dependent. Consequently, it results in a tiny time delay between high energy photons…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-05-28 Lijing Shao , Zhi Xiao , Bo-Qiang Ma

Due to their cosmological distances high-energy astrophysical sources allow for unprecedented tests of fundamental physics. Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) comprise among the most sensitive laboratories for exploring the violation of the central…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-19 Valeri Vardanyan , Volodymyr Takhistov , Metin Ata , Kohta Murase

It has been long conjectured that a signature of Quantum Gravity will be Lorentz Invariance Violation (LIV) that could be observed at energies much lower than the Planck scale. One possible signature of LIV is an energy-dependent speed of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-29 Tsvi Piran , Dmitry D. Ofengeim

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most potent probes of Lorentz invariance violation (LIV), offering direct constraints on the quantum gravity energy scale ($E_{\rm QG}$) based on observations of energy-dependent time lags. Individual…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-30 Shen-Shi Du , Yi Gong , Jun-Jie Wei , Zi-Ke Liu , Zhi-Qiang You , Yan-Zhi Meng , Xing-Jiang Zhu

Since the discovery of the cosmological origin of GRBs there has been growing interest in using these transient events to probe the quantum gravity energy scale in the range 10^16--10^19 GeV, up to the Planck mass scale. This energy scale…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Steven E. Boggs , Cornelia B. Wunderer , Kevin Hurley , Wayne Coburn

Modern ideas in quantum gravity predict the possibility of Lorenz Invariance Violation (LIV) manifested e.g. by energy dependent modification of standard relativistic dispersion relation. In a recent paper Jacob and Piran proposed that time…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-30 Marek Biesiada , Aleksandra Piórkowska

Several models of Quantum Gravity predict Lorentz Symmetry breaking at energy scales approaching the Planck scale (10^{19} GeV). With present photon data from the observations of distant astrophysical sources, it is possible to constrain…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2011-04-28 HESS Collaboration , A. Abramowski , F. Acero , F. Aharonian , A. G. Akhperjanian , G. Anton , A. Barnacka , U. Barres de Almeida , A. R. Bazer-Bachi , Y. Becherini , J. Becker , B. Behera , K. Bernlöhr , A. Bochow , C. Boisson , J. Bolmont , P. Bordas , V. Borrel , J. Brucker , F. Brun , P. Brun , T. Bulik , I. Büsching , R. Bühler , S. Carrigan , S. Casanova , M. Cerruti , P. M. Chadwick , A. Charbonnier , R. C. G. Chaves , A. Cheesebrough , L. -M. Chounet , A. C. Clapson , G. Coignet , J. Conrad , M. Dalton , M. K. Daniel , I. D. Davids , B. Degrange , C. Deil , H. J. Dickinson , A. Djannati-Ataï , W. Domainko , L. O'C. Drury , F. Dubois , G. Dubus , J. Dyks , M. Dyrda , K. Egberts , P. Eger , P. Espigat , L. Fallon , C. Farnier , S. Fegan , F. Feinstein , M. V. Fernandes , A. Fiasson , A. Frster , G. Fontaine , M. Füßling , Y. A. Gallant , H. Gast , L. Gérard , D. Gerbig , B. Giebels , J. F. Glicenstein , B. Glück , P. Goret , D. Göring , J. D. Hague , D. Hampf , M. Hauser , S. Heinz , G. Heinzelmann , G. Henri , G. Hermann , J. A. Hinton , A. Hoffmann , W. Hofmann , P. Hofverberg , D. Horns , A. Jacholkowska , O. C. de Jager , C. Jahn , M. Jamrozy , I. Jung , M. A. Kastendieck , K. Katarzyński , U. Katz , S. Kaufmann , D. Keogh , M. Kerschhaggl , D. Khangulyan , B. Khélifi , D. Klochkov , W. Kluźniak , T. Kneiske , Nu. Komin , K. Kosack , R. Kossakowski , H. Laffon , G. Lamanna , D. Lennarz , T. Lohse , A. Lopatin , C. -C. Lu , V. Marandon , A. Marcowith , J. Masbou , D. Maurin , N. Maxted , T. J. L. McComb , M. C. Medina , J. Méhault , R. Moderski , E. Moulin , C. L. Naumann , M. Naumann-Godo , M. de Naurois , D. Nedbal , D. Nekrassov , N. Nguyen , B. Nicholas , J. Niemiec , S. J. Nolan , S. Ohm , J-F. Olive , E. de Oña Wilhelmi , B. Opitz , M. Ostrowski , M. Panter , M. Paz Arribas , G. Pedaletti1 , G. Pelletier , P. -O. Petrucci , S. Pita , G. Pühlhofer , M. Punch , A. Quirrenbach , M. Raue , S. M. Rayner , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , M. Renaud , R. de los Reyes , F. Rieger , J. Ripken , L. Rob , S. Rosier-Lees , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , C. B. Rulten , J. Ruppel , F. Ryde , V. Sahakian , A. Santangelo , R. Schlickeiser , F. M. Schöck , A. Schönwald , U. Schwanke , S. Schwarzburg , S. Schwemmer , A. Shalchi , M. Sikora , J. L. Skilton , H. Sol , G. Spengler , Ł. Stawarz , R. Steenkamp , C. Stegmann , F. Stinzing , I. Sushch , A. Szostek , J. -P. Tavernet , R. Terrier , O. Tibolla , M. Tluczykont , K. Valerius , C. van Eldik , G. Vasileiadis , C. Venter , J. P. Vialle , A. Viana , P. Vincent , M. Vivier , H. J. Völk , F. Volpe , S. Vorobiov , M. Vorster , S. J. Wagner , M. Ward , A. Wierzcholska , A. Zajczyk , A. A. Zdziarski , A. Zech , H. -S. Zechlin
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