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We extend the general formalism of two-photon exchange to elastic lepton-nucleon scattering by accounting for all lepton mass terms. We then perform a numerical estimate of the muon-proton scattering at low momentum transfer in view of the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-07-16 O. Tomalak , M. Vanderhaeghen

We discuss recent experimental results concerning the cross section ratio of positron over electron elastic scattering on protons, and compare with the predictions of a pre-existent calculation. The deviation from unity of this ratio,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-02-27 V. V. Bytev , E. Tomasi-Gustafsson

We report the most precise measurement to date of a parity-violating asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering. The measurement was carried out with a beam energy of 3.03 GeV and a scattering angle <theta_lab>=6 degrees, with the…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2012-08-27 The HAPPEX Collaboration

We consider the dispersion correction to elastic parity violating electron-proton scattering due to \gammaZ exchange. In a recent publication, this correction was reported to be substantially larger than the previous estimates. In this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-18 M. Gorchtein , C. J. Horowitz , M. J. Ramsey-Musolf

The discrepancy between proton electromagnetic form factors extracted using unpolarized and polarized scattering data is believed to be a consequence of two-photon exchange (TPE) effects. However, the calculations of TPE corrections have…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2013-09-04 M. Moteabbed , M. Niroula , B. A. Raue , L. B. Weinstein , D. Adikaram , J. Arrington , W. K. Brooks , J. Lachniet , Dipak Rimal , M. Ungaro , K. P. Adhikari , M. Aghasyan , M. J. Amaryan , S. Anefalos Pereira , H. Avakian , J. Ball , N. A. Baltzell , M. Battaglieri , V. Batourine , I. Bedlinskiy , R. P. Bennett , A. S. Biselli , J. Bono , S. Boiarinov , W. J. Briscoe , V. D. Burkert , D. S. Carman , A. Celentano , S. Chandavar , P. L. Cole , P. Collins , M. Contalbrigo , O. Cortes , V. Crede , A. D'Angelo , N. Dashyan , R. De Vita , E. De Sanctis , A. Deur , C. Djalali , D. Doughty , R. Dupre , H. Egiyan , L. El Fassi , P. Eugenio , G. Fedotov , S. Fegan , R. Fersch , J. A. Fleming , N. Gevorgyan , G. P. Gilfoyle , K. L. Giovanetti , F. X. Girod , J. T. Goetz , W. Gohn , E. Golovatch , R. W. Gothe , K. A. Griffioen , M. Guidal , N. Guler , L. Guo , K. Hafidi , H. Hakobyan , C. Hanretty , N. Harrison , D. Heddle , K. Hicks , D. Ho , M. Holtrop , C. E. Hyde , Y. Ilieva , D. G. Ireland , B. S. Ishkhanov , E. L. Isupov , H. S. Jo , K. Joo , D. Keller , M. Khandaker , A. Kim , F. J. Klein , S. Koirala , A. Kubarovsky , V. Kubarovsky , S. E. Kuhn , S. V. Kuleshov , S. Lewis , H. Y. Lu , M. MacCormick , I . J . D. MacGregor , D. Martinez , M. Mayer , B. McKinnon , T. Mineeva , M. Mirazita , V. Mokeev , R. A. Montgomery , K. Moriya , H. Moutarde , E. Munevar , C. Munoz Camacho , P. Nadel-Turonski , R. Nasseripour , S. Niccolai , G. Niculescu , I. Niculescu , M. Osipenko , A. I. Ostrovidov , L. L. Pappalardo , R. Paremuzyan , K. Park , S. Park , E. Phelps , J. J. Phillips , S. Pisano , O. Pogorelko , S. Pozdniakov , J. W. Price , S. Procureur , D. Protopopescu , A. J. R. Puckett , M. Ripani , G. Rosner , P. Rossi , F. Sabatié , M. S. Saini , C. Salgado , D. Schott , R. A. Schumacher , E. Seder , H. Seraydaryan , Y. G. Sharabian , E. S. Smith , G. D. Smith , D. I. Sober , D. Sokhan , S. Stepanyan , S. Strauch , W. Tang , C. E. Taylor , Ye Tian , S. Tkachenko , H. Voskanyan , E. Voutier , N. K. Walford , M. H. Wood , N. Zachariou , L. Zana , J. Zhang , Z. W. Zhao , I. Zonta

The role of the meson-exchange current correction to the nuclear charge operator is studied in electron scattering processes involving the excitation of medium and heavy nuclei to energies up to the quasi-elastic peak. The effect of these…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 A. M. Lallena

Two-photon exchange (TPE) is one of the leading explanations for discrepancies in measurements of the proton electromagnetic form factors. It has been proposed that TPE could impact not only elastic scattering, but also the cross sections…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-07 Henry T. Klest

We discuss two-photon exchange (TPE) in elastic electron scattering off the trinucleon systems, 3He and 3H. The calculations are done in the semirelativistic approximation with the trinucleon wave functions obtained with the Paris and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-10-30 A. P. Kobushkin , Ju. V. Timoshenko

We evaluate the corrections of the two-photon exchange (TPE) process on the $\gamma^* N\Delta$ transition form factors. The contributions of the TPE process to the $eN\rightarrow e\Delta(1232)\rightarrow eN\pi$ are calculated in a hadronic…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-12-06 Hai-Qing Zhou , Shin Nan Yang

Recent theoretical developments in the studies of two-photon exchange effects in elastic electron-proton scattering are reviewed. Two-photon exchange mechanism is considered a likely source of discrepancy between polarized and unpolarized…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-23 Andrei V. Afanasev

Motivated by experimental data at large momentum transfer we update the analysis of the two-photon exchange effect in the electron-nucleon scattering using the effective field theory formalism. Our approach is suitable for describing the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-13 Nikolay Kivel

Two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions to elastic electron-proton scattering in the forward regime and in leading log $\sim t\ln|t|$ approximation in the momentum transfer $|t|$ are considered. The imaginary part of TPE amplitude in these…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-12-03 Mikhail Gorchtein

The elastic backward proton-deuteron scattering is analyzed within a covariant approach based on the Bethe-Salpeter equation with realistic meson-exchange interaction. Contributions of the one-nucleon and one-pion exchange mechanisms to the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 L. P. Kaptari , B. Kaempfer , S. M. Dorkin , S. S. Semikh

We revisit the question of the contributions of two-photon exchange with $\Delta(1232)$ excitation to the electron-proton scattering in a hadronic model. Three improvements over the previous calculations are made, namely, correct vertex…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-09-21 Hai-Qing Zhou , Shin Nan Yang

We perform a statistical analysis of the full set of parity-violating asymmetry data for elastic electron scattering including the most recent high precision measurement from $Q$-weak. Given the basis of the present analysis, our estimates…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-08-05 R. González-Jiménez , J. A. Caballero , T. W. Donnelly

We have measured parity-violating asymmetries in elastic electron-proton scattering over the range of momentum transfers 0.12 < Q^2 < 1.0 GeV^2. These asymmetries, arising from interference of the electromagnetic and neutral weak…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2012-08-27 The G0 Collaboration

The discrepancy between polarized and unpolarized measurements of the proton's electromagnetic form factors is striking, and suggests that two-photon exchange (TPE) may be playing a larger role in elastic electron-proton scattering than is…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2018-06-13 Axel Schmidt

The extraction of the strangeness form factors from parity violating elastic electron-proton scattering is sensitive to the electromagnetic form factors at low Q^2. We provide parameterizations for the form factors and uncertainties,…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 John Arrington , Ingo Sick

We relate the forward two-photon exchange (TPE) amplitudes to integrals of the inclusive lepton-proton scattering cross sections. These relations yield an alternative way for the evaluation of the TPE correction to hyperfine-splitting (HFS)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-09-22 Oleksandr Tomalak