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Data has been regarded as a valuable asset with the fast development of artificial intelligence technologies. In this paper, we introduce deep-learning neural network-based frequency-domain watermarking for protecting energy system time…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-12 Zhenghao Zhou , Yiyan Li , Xinjie Yu , Jian Ping , Xiaoyuan Xu , Zheng Yan , Mohammad Shahidehpour

Due to the wide distribution and usage of digital media, an important issue is protection of the digital content. There is a number of algorithms and techniques developed for the digital watermarking.In this paper, the invisible image…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-02-09 Jelena Music , Ivan Knezevic , Edis Franca

Underwater communication is a challenging topic due to its singular channel characteristics. Most protocols used in terrestrial wireless communication can not be directly applied in the underwater world. In this paper, we focus on the issue…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2009-05-07 Hongkun Yang , Bin Liu

Watermarking is broadly utilized to protect ownership of shared data while preserving data utility. However, existing watermarking methods for tabular datasets fall short on the desired properties (detectability, non-intrusiveness, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yihao Zheng , Haocheng Xia , Junyuan Pang , Jinfei Liu , Kui Ren , Lingyang Chu , Yang Cao , Li Xiong

Potential harms of large language models can be mitigated by watermarking model output, i.e., embedding signals into generated text that are invisible to humans but algorithmically detectable from a short span of tokens. We propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 John Kirchenbauer , Jonas Geiping , Yuxin Wen , Jonathan Katz , Ian Miers , Tom Goldstein

A new approach to linguistic watermarking of language models is presented in which information is imperceptibly inserted into the output text while preserving its readability and original meaning. A cross-attention mechanism is used to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Folco Bertini Baldassini , Huy H. Nguyen , Ching-Chung Chang , Isao Echizen

Watermarking acts as a critical safeguard in text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). By embedding identifiable signals into model outputs, watermarking enables reliable attribution and enhances the security of machine-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yukang Lin , Jiahao Shao , Shuoran Jiang , Wentao Zhu , Bingjie Lu , Xiangping Wu , Joanna Siebert , Qingcai Chen

We theoretically evaluated the performance of our proposed associative watermarking method in which the watermark is not embedded directly into the image. We previously proposed a watermarking method that extends the zero-watermarking model…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Ryoto Kanegae , Masaki Kawamura

This paper considers the problem of designing physical watermark signals in order to optimally detect possible replay attack in a linear time-invariant system, under the assumption that the system parameters are unknown and need to be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-06 Hanxiao Liu , Yilin Mo , Jiaqi Yan , Lihua Xie , Karl H. Johansson

Recent studies on deep watermarking have predominantly focused on in-processing watermarking, which integrates the watermarking process into image generation. However, post-processing watermarking, which embeds watermarks after image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Tzuhsuan Huang , Cheng Yu Yeo , Tsai-Ling Huang , Hong-Han Shuai , Wen-Huang Cheng , Jun-Cheng Chen

This paper considers the problem to design physical watermark signals to protect a control system against replay attacks. We first define the replay attack model, where an adversary replays the previous sensory data in order to fool the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-09-17 Hanxiao Liu , Jiaqi Yan , Yilin Mo , Karl Henrik Johansson

Model watermarking utilizes internal representations to protect the ownership of large language models (LLMs). However, these features inevitably undergo complex distortions during realistic model modifications such as fine-tuning,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zikang Ding , Junhao Li , Suling Wu , Junchi Yao , Hongbo Liu , Lijie Hu

Ethical concerns surrounding copyright protection and inappropriate content generation pose challenges for the practical implementation of diffusion models. One effective solution involves watermarking the generated images. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Zijin Yang , Kai Zeng , Kejiang Chen , Han Fang , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu

Recently, utilizing renewable energy for wireless system has attracted extensive attention. However, due to the instable energy supply and the limited battery capacity, renewable energy cannot guarantee to provide the perpetual operation…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Weiqiang Xu , Yushu Zhang , Qingjiang Shi , Xiaodong Wang

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are characterized by a network of small, battery powered devices, operating remotely with no pre-existing infrastructure. The unique structure of WSN allow for novel approaches to data reduction and energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Adam Barker , Martin Swany

Underwater Wireless Optical Communication is a key enabling technology for future space-air-ground-sea integrated networks. However, UOWC faces critical hurdles from spatial randomness and stringent energy constraints. These challenges…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Qiyu Ma , Jiajie Xu , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

We introduce a dynamics-level approach to watermarking generative models. Rather than embedding signals into model weights or outputs, we embed the watermark directly into the learned continuous dynamics -- the velocity field of a flow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shuchan Wang

The recent explosion of high-quality language models has necessitated new methods for identifying AI-generated text. Watermarking is a leading solution and could prove to be an essential tool in the age of generative AI. Existing approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Miranda Christ , Sam Gunn , Tal Malkin , Mariana Raykova

In the era of costly pre-training of large language models, ensuring the intellectual property rights of model owners, and insuring that said models are responsibly deployed, is becoming increasingly important. To this end, we propose model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Vaden Masrani , Mohammad Akbari , David Ming Xuan Yue , Ahmad Rezaei , Yong Zhang

The theoretical foundations of data hiding have been revealed by formulating the problem as message communication over a noisy channel. We revisit the problem in light of a more general characterization of the watermark channel and of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2008-12-01 Stéphane Pateux , Gaëtan Le Guelvouit , Christine Guillemot