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We present an axiomatic framework for analyzing the algorithmic properties of decision trees. This framework supports the classification of decision tree problems through structural and ancestral constraints within a rigorous mathematical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Xi He , Max A. Little

Deduction modulo is a way to express a theory using computation rules instead of axioms. We present in this paper an extension of deduction modulo, called Polarized deduction modulo, where some rules can only be used at positive…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Gilles Dowek

In the present paper we propose a new approach to quantum fields in terms of category algebras and states on categories. We define quantum fields and their states as category algebras and states on causal categories with partial involution…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Hayato Saigo

Trees are partial orderings where every element has a linearly ordered set of smaller elements. We define and study several natural notions of completeness of trees, extending Dedekind completeness of linear orders and Dedekind-MacNeille…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Valentin Goranko , Ruaan Kellerman , Alberto Zanardo

We explore finite-field frameworks for quantum theory and quantum computation. The simplest theory, defined over unrestricted finite fields, is unnaturally strong. A second framework employs only finite fields with no solution to x^2+1=0,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-15 Andrew J. Hanson , Gerardo Ortiz , Amr Sabry , Yu-Tsung Tai

Although some work has been done on the metamathematics of Metamath, there has not been a clear definition of a model for a Metamath formal system. We define the collection of models of an arbitrary Metamath formal system, both for…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-05-10 Mario Carneiro

There exists a rich literature of rule formats guaranteeing different algebraic properties for formalisms with a Structural Operational Semantics. Moreover, there exist a few approaches for automatically deriving axiomatizations…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-07-30 Daniel Gebler , Eugen-Ioan Goriac , Mohammad Reza Mousavi

We consider the rooted trees which not have isomorphic representation and introduce a conception of complexity a natural number also. The connection between quantity such trees with $n$ edges and a complexity of natural number $n$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-03 B. S. Kochkarev

Noncommutative rational functions, i.e., elements of the universal skew field of fractions of a free algebra, can be defined through evaluations of noncommutative rational expressions on tuples of matrices. This interpretation extends their…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2018-04-24 Jurij Volčič

We present a form of algebraic reasoning for computational objects which are expressed as graphs. Edges describe the flow of data between primitive operations which are represented by vertices. These graphs have an interface made of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-07-23 Lucas Dixon , Ross Duncan , Aleks Kissinger

Theories of classification distinguish classes with some good structure theorem from those for which none is possible. Some classes (dense linear orders, for instance) are non-classifiable in general, but are classifiable when we consider…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Wesley Calvert

Based on decision trees, many fields have arguably made tremendous progress in recent years. In simple words, decision trees use the strategy of "divide-and-conquer" to divide the complex problem on the dependency between input features and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-22 Jinxiong Zhang

Using appropriate notation systems for proofs, cut-reduction can often be rendered feasible on these notations, and explicit bounds can be given. Developing a suitable notation system for Bounded Arithmetic, and applying these bounds, all…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-12-11 Klaus Aehlig , Arnold Beckmann

Root systems are sets with remarkable symmetries and therefore they appear in many situations in mathematics. Among others, denominator formulae of root systems are very beautiful and mysterious equations which have several meanings from a…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2025-06-17 Hiroki Aoki , Hiraku Kawanoue

We present a new fragment of axiomatic set theory for pure sets and for the iteration of power sets within given transitive sets. It turns out that this formal system admits an interesting hierarchy of models with true membership relation…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-02-27 Matthias Kunik

The purpose of this paper is to study the commutative pseudomeadows, the structure which is defined in the same way as commutative meadows, except that the existence of a multiplicative identity is not required. We extend the…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2020-01-24 Hamid Kulosman

Differential operators usually result in derivatives expressed as a ratio of differentials. For all but the simplest derivatives, these ratios are typically not algebraically manipulable, but must be held together as a unit in order to…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-10-18 Maria Isabelle Fite , Jonathan Bartlett

Let $R$ be an order in an algebraic number field. If $R$ is a principal order, then many explicit results on its arithmetic are available. Among others, $R$ is half-factorial if and only if the class group of $R$ has at most two elements.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2011-04-21 Andreas Philipp

A finite semifield is a division algebra over a finite field where multiplication is not necessarily associative. We consider here the complexity of the multiplication in small semifields and finite field extensions. For this operation, the…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Jean-Guillaume Dumas , Stefano Lia , John Sheekey

Game comonads provide a categorical syntax-free approach to finite model theory, and their Eilenberg-Moore coalgebras typically encode important combinatorial parameters of structures. In this paper, we develop a framework whereby the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Samson Abramsky , Luca Reggio