Related papers: Order-invariant measures on fixed causal sets
Given an ordered structure, we study a natural way to extend the order to preorders on type spaces. For definably complete, linearly ordered structures, we give a characterisation of the preorder on the space of 1-types. We apply these…
Testing whether a probability distribution is compatible with a given Bayesian network is a fundamental task in the field of causal inference, where Bayesian networks model causal relations. Here we consider the class of causal structures…
A circle, centered at the origin and with radius chosen so that it has non-empty intersection with the integer lattice $\mathbb{Z}^{2}$, gives rise to a probability measure on the unit circle in a natural way. Such measures, and their weak…
In all our well-established theories, it is assumed that events are embedded in a global causal structure such that, for every pair of events, the causal order between them is always fixed. However, the possible interplay between quantum…
Causality is a central concept in a wide range of research areas, yet there is still no universally agreed axiomatisation of causality. We view causality both as an extension of probability theory and as a study of \textit{what happens when…
Researchers have long been aiming to understand how the characteristics of Quantum Theory and General Relativity combine to account for regimes in their interface. One reason why this is a hard task is how differently the theories approach…
We survey structures endowed with natural partial orderings and prove their universality. These partial orders include partial orders on sets of words, partial orders formed by geometric objects, grammars, polynomials and homomorphism order…
A learning algorithm is presented which given the structure of a causal tree, will estimate its link probabilities by sequential measurements on the leaves only. Internal nodes of the tree represent conceptual (hidden) variables…
We estimate the maximum-order complexity of a binary sequence in terms of its correlation measures. Roughly speaking, we show that any sequence with small correlation measure up to a sufficiently large order $k$ cannot have very small…
We introduce the notion of specular sets which are subsets of groups called here specular and which form a natural generalization of free groups. These sets are an abstract generalization of the natural codings of linear involutions. We…
In this paper, we introduce and develop the concept of conditional quantization for Borel probability measures on $\mathbb{R}^k,$ considering both constrained and unconstrained frameworks. For each setting, we define the associated…
Classical problems of sorting and searching assume an underlying linear ordering of the objects being compared. In this paper, we study a more general setting, in which some pairs of objects are incomparable. This generalization is relevant…
We study periodic points and finitely supported invariant measures for continuous semigroup actions. Introducing suitable notions of periodicity in both topological and measure-theoretical contexts, we analyze the space of invariant Borel…
We define a new type of transformation for Lorentzian manifolds characterized by mapping every causal future-directed vector onto a causal future-directed vector. The set of all such transformations, which we call causal symmetries, has the…
We study a certain poset on the free monoid on a countable alphabet. This poset is determined by the fact that its total extensions are precisely the standard term orders. We also investigate the poset classifying degree-compatible standard…
All possible products of all elements of an odd order finite group are considered. A set of all such products is called as a K-set. A hypothesis of K-set coincidence of any group of an odd order with its commutant is proposed and the…
Probabilities of causation (PoC) are valuable concepts for explainable artificial intelligence and practical decision-making. PoC are originally defined for scalar binary variables. In this paper, we extend the concept of PoC to continuous…
A general expression for a relative invariant of a linear ordinary differential equations is given in terms of the fundamental semi-invariant and an absolute invariant. This result is used to established a number of properties of relative…
Understanding the physical world fundamentally relies on the assumption that events are temporally ordered, with past events serving as causes for future ones. However, quantum mechanics permits events to occur in a superposition of causal…
For a class of piecewise deterministic Markov processes, the supports of the invariant measures are characterized. This is based on the analysis of controllability properties of an associated deterministic control system. Its invariant…