Related papers: Order-invariant measures on fixed causal sets

Causal inference studies whether the presence of a variable influences an observed outcome. As measured by quantities such as the "average treatment effect," this paradigm is employed across numerous biological fields, from vaccine and drug…

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, we would like to get rid of common assumption that causal set is bounded and attempt to model its scalar field action under the assumption that it isn't. Secondly, we would like to propose…

For continuous maps on a compact manifold M, particularly for those that do not preserve the Lebesgue measure m, we define the observable invariant probability measures as a generalization of the physical measures. We prove that any…

In this "map" we are going to present the concept of indefinite causal order and make a quick journey through its different flavours. We will start with a broad conceptual motivation for studying indefinite causal order, based on the…

We define analogues of Boolean operations on not necessarily complete partial orders, they often have as results sets of elements rather than single elements. It proves useful to add to such sets X if they are intended to be sup(X) or…

Commutative totally ordered monoids abound, number systems for example. When the monoid is not assumed commutative, one may be hard pressed to find an example. One suggested by Professor Orr Shalit are the countable ordinals with addition.…

Causal discovery procedures aim to deduce causal relationships among variables in a multivariate dataset. While various methods have been proposed for estimating a single causal model or a single equivalence class of models, less attention…

We consider a deterministic system with two conserved quantities and infinity many invariant measures. However the systems possess a unique invariant measure when enough stochastic forcing and balancing dissipation are added. We then show…

We study stable conditional measures for a certain equilibrium measure for hyperbolic endomorphisms, on basic sets with overlaps; we show that these conditional measures are geometric probabilities and measures of maximal stable dimension.…

A linear extension of a poset $P$ is a permutation of the elements of the set that respects the partial order. Let $L(P)$ denote the number of linear extensions. It is a #P complete problem to determine $L(P)$ exactly for an arbitrary…

The notion of causal effect is fundamental across many scientific disciplines. Traditionally, quantitative researchers have studied causal effects at the level of variables; for example, how a certain drug dose (W) causally affects a…

Determining and measuring cause-effect relationships is fundamental to most scientific studies of natural phenomena. The notion of causation is distinctly different from correlation which only looks at association of trends or patterns in…

New sets (typically found by computer search) with Sidon constant equal to the square root of their cardinalities are given. For each integer $N$ there are only a finite number of groups of prime order containing $N$-element extreme sets.…

One of approaches to quantum gravity is different models of a discrete pregeometry. An example of a discrete pregeometry on a microscopic scale is introduced. This is the particular case of a causal set. The causal set is a locally finite…

We study analytic and Borel subsets defined similarily to the old example of analytic complete set given by Luzin. Luzin's example, which is essentially a subset of the Baire space, is based on the natural partial order on naturals, i.e.…

We study a generalization of conditional probability for arbitrary ordered vector spaces. A related problem is that of assigning a numerical value to one vector relative to another. We characterize the groups for which these generalized…

The aim of this article is to establish basic results in a conditional measure theory. The results are applied to prove that arbitrary kernels and conditional distributions are represented by measures in a conditional set theory. In…

Measurable sets are defined as those locally approximable, in a certain sense, by sets in the given algebra (or ring). A corresponding measure extension theorem is proved. It is also shown that a set is locally approximable in the mentioned…

Quantization for a Borel probability measure refers to the idea of estimating a given probability by a discrete probability with support containing a finite number of elements. If in the quantization some of the elements in the support are…

In this article, we introduce a formal definition of the concept of probability tree and conduct a detailed and comprehensive study of its fundamental structural properties. In particular, we define what we term an inductive probability…