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This paper reviews the history and evidence related to remote wounding effects of ballistic pressure waves imparted to tissue by the impact of a bullet. Such remote effects are often referred to as hydraulic or hydrostatic shock. In spite…

Medical Physics · Physics 2011-02-09 Michael Courtney , Amy Courtney

This paper presents a summary of seven distinct chains of evidence, which, taken together, provide compelling support for the theory that a ballistic pressure wave radiating outward from the penetrating projectile can contribute to wounding…

Medical Physics · Physics 2008-03-21 Michael Courtney , Amy Courtney

Identifying patients at risk of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important because research suggests prophylactic treatments to reduce risk of long-term sequelae. Blast pressure waves can cause TBI without penetrating wounds or blunt force…

Medical Physics · Physics 2008-08-12 Amy Courtney , Michael Courtney

The mechanisms by which blast pressure waves cause mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are an open question. Possibilities include acceleration of the head, direct passage of the blast wave via the cranium, and propagation of the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2008-12-31 Amy Courtney , Michael Courtney

This paper reviews the scientific support for a ballistic pressure wave radiating outward from a penetrating projectile and causing injury and incapacitation. This phenomenon is known colloquially as "hydrostatic shock." The idea apparently…

Medical Physics · Physics 2008-03-21 Michael Courtney , Amy Courtney

It has been proposed that there is a wave excitation in animal brains, whose function is to represent three-dimensional space around the animal as a working spatial memory. After surveying the evidence supporting the hypothesis, I discuss…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-13 Robert Worden

An article (J Trauma 29:10-18, 1989) cites unpublished wound ballistics data to support the authors' view that distant injuries are a myth in wound ballistics. The actual data, published in 1990, actually contains a number of detailed…

Medical Physics · Physics 2008-12-31 Michael Courtney , Amy Courtney

It has been proposed that there is a wave excitation in animal brains, whose role is to represent three dimensional local space in a working memory. Evidence for the wave comes from the mammalian thalamus, the central body of the insect…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-08-12 Robert Worden

This article reviews published criticisms of several ballistic pressure wave experiments authored by Suneson et al., the Marshall and Sanow "one shot stop" data set, and the Strasbourg goat tests. These published criticisms contain numerous…

Medical Physics · Physics 2007-07-31 Michael Courtney , Amy Courtney

Traumatic brain injury [TBI] has become a signature injury of current military conflicts, with debilitating, costly, and long-lasting effects. Although mechanisms by which head impacts cause TBI have been well-researched, the mechanisms by…

Medical Physics · Physics 2017-03-08 William C. Moss , Michael J. King , Eric G. Blackman

Brain injuries are a major reason for mortality and morbidity following trauma in sports, work and traffic. Apart from the trauma at the site of impact (coup injury), other regions of the brain remote from the impact locations (non-coup)…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2020-12-02 Rajesh Kumar , Md Zubair , Sudipto Mukherjee , Jacobo Antona Makoshi

The internal deformation of the brain is far more complex than the rigid motion of the skull. An ultrasound imaging technique that we have developed has a combination of penetration, frame-rate, and motion detection accuracy required to…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-11-08 David Espindola , Stephen Lee , Gianmarco Pinton

The aim of this communication is to correct inaccurate statements presented in a Commentary on the paper titled: "Radiation forces and torque on a rigid elliptical cylinder in acoustical plane progressive and (quasi)standing waves with…

Classical Physics · Physics 2020-07-21 F. G. Mitri

The ballistic impact of various dense particle suspensions is of interest for the development of superior materials for personal protective equipment. The dynamic response of the fluids under impact of a fragment simulating projectile at…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-03-19 Bradley J. Marr , Oren E. Petel , Andrew J. Higgins , David L. Frost , Simon Ouellet

This article presents empirical models for the relationship between peak ballistic pressure wave magnitude and incapacitation times in the Strasbourg goat test data. Using a model with the expected limiting behavior at large and small…

Medical Physics · Physics 2007-08-01 Michael Courtney , Amy Courtney

The brain stimulation and its widespread use is one of the most important subjects in studies of neurophysiology. In brain electrical stimulation methods, following the surgery and electrode implantation, electrodes send electrical impulses…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2019-01-11 Amirmasoud Ahmadi , Sepideh Farakhor Seghinsara , Mohammad Reza Daliri , Vahid Shalchyan

Blunt traumatic aortic rupture is a heart injury that can occur in falls, automobile accidents, and sporting injuries involving impact to the thorax. Despite its severity and high morbidity rate, the research still does not provide a…

Using high frame-rate ultrasound and high sensitivity motion tracking, we recently showed that shear waves sent to the ex vivo porcine brain develop into shear shock waves with destructive local accelerations inside the brain which may be a…

Interference effects are the most spectacular manifestation of the wave nature of phenomena. This note proposes a systematic search for such effects in the brain.

General Physics · Physics 2008-03-27 Jerzy Szwed

Understanding the mechanical behavior of brain tissue is crucial for advancing both fundamental neuroscience and clinical applications. Yet, accurately measuring these properties remains challenging due to the brain unique mechanical…

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