Related papers: Small-scale solar magnetic fields
This chapter presents a review of observational studies to determine the magnetic field in the Milky Way, both in the disk and in the halo, focused on recent developments and on magnetic fields in the diffuse interstellar medium. I discuss…
A weak fluctuating magnetic field embedded into a turbulent conducting medium grows exponentially while its characteristic scale decays. In the ISM and protogalactic plasmas, the magnetic Pr is very large, so a broad spectrum of growing…
The heating and structure of the solar chromosphere depends on the underlying magnetic field, among other parameters. The lowest magnetic flux of the solar atmosphere is found in the quiet Sun internetwork and is thought to be provided by…
Magnetic waves are a relevant component in the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. Their significance has increased because of their potential as a remote diagnostic tool and their presumed contribution to plasma heating processes. We discuss…
In recent years, our knowledge of photospheric magnetic fields went through a thorough transformation--nearly unnoticed by dynamo theorists. It is now practically certain that the overwhelming majority of the unsigned magnetic flux crossing…
The origin and maintenance of coherent magnetic fields in the Universe is reviewed with an emphasis on the possible challenges that arise in their theoretical understanding. We begin with the interesting possibility that magnetic fields…
The main small-scale elements observed in the solar photosphere at high resolution are discussed: granules, faculaes, micropores. As a separate element of the fine structure, a continuous network of dark intergranular gaps is considered.…
Quantum magnetism is one of the most active areas of research in condensed matter physics. There is significant research interest specially in low-dimensional quantum spin systems. Such systems have a large number of experimental…
Magnetic fields correlated on several kiloparsec scales are seen in spiral galaxies. Their origin could be due to the winding up of a primordial cosmological field or due to amplification of a small seed field by a turbulent galactic…
We study the evolution of a small-scale emerging flux region (EFR) in the quiet Sun, from its emergence to its decay. We track processes and phenomena across all atmospheric layers, explore their interrelations and compare our findings with…
The solar dynamo and the solar Global internal Magnetic Structure (GMS) appear to be a thin ($\sim$2 Mm thick) structure near ($\sim$1 Mm below) the solar surface. Evidence for these properties are found from the amplitude of the torsional…
The theory of radiatively driven winds successfully explains the key points of the stellar winds of hot massive stars. However, there is an apparent break-down of this paradigm at L/Lsun<5.2: the stellar wind momentum is smaller than…
The structure of the photospheric magnetic field during solar flares is examined using echelle spectropolarimetric observations. The study is based on several Fe I and Cr I lines observed at locations corresponding to brightest H$\alpha$…
Although indirect evidence for the presence of magnetic fields in high-mass stars is regularly reported in the literature, the detection of these fields remains an extremely challenging observational problem. We review the recent…
Magnetic field is ubiquitous in the Universe and it plays essential roles in various astrophysical phenomena, yet its real origin and evolution are poorly known. This article reviews current understanding of magnetic fields in the…
The interface between the bright solar surface and the million-degree corona continues to hold the key to many unsolved problems in solar physics. Advances in instrumentation now allow us to observe the dynamic structures of the solar…
Isolated flux tubes are considered to be fundamental magnetic building blocks of the solar photosphere. Their formation is usually attributed to the concentration of magnetic field to kG strengths by the convective collapse mechanism.…
The Sun's axisymmetric large-scale flows, differential rotation and meridional circulation, are thought to be maintained by the influence of rotation on the thermal-convective motions in the solar convection zone. These large-scale flows…
The Sun is a bright gamma-ray source due to hadronic cosmic-ray interactions with solar gas. While it is known that incoming cosmic rays must generally first be reflected by solar magnetic fields to produce outgoing gamma rays, theoretical…
Small-scale, newly emerging internetwork (IN) magnetic fields are considered a viable source of energy and mass for the solar chromosphere and possibly the corona. Multiple studies show that single events of flux emergence can indeed…