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Transneptunian objects (TNOs) are a source of invaluable information to access the history and evolution of the outer solar system. However, observing these faint objects is a difficult task. As a consequence, important properties such as…

The results of a search for sub-km Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) with the method of serendipitous stellar occultations are reported. Photometric time series were obtained on the 1.8m telescope at the Dominion Astrophysical Observatory (DAO) in…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 S. J. Bickerton , J. J. Kavelaars , D. L. Welch

We illuminate dynamical properties of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) in the 3:2 (``Plutino'') and 2:1 (``Twotino'') Neptunian resonances within the model of resonant capture and migration. We analyze a series of numerical integrations, each…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 E. I. Chiang , A. B. Jordan

In 2018, Jewitt identified the "The Trojan Color Conundrum", namely that Neptune's Trojan asteroids (NTs) had no ultra-red members, unlike the the nearby Kuiper Belt. Since then, numerous ultra-red NTs have been discovered, seemingly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-21 Larissa Markwardt , Hsing Wen Lin , David Gerdes , Fred C. Adams

Hilda asteroids and Jupiter Trojans are two low-albedo (p$_{\rm v}$ ~ 0.07) populations for which the Nice model predicts an origin in the primordial Kuiper Belt region. However, recent surveys by WISE and the Spitzer Space Telescope (SST)…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-09-05 Michaël Marsset , Pierre Vernazza , Florian Gourgeot , Christophe Dumas , Mirel Birlan , Philippe Lamy , Richard P. Binzel

Near Earth Objects (NEOs) are fragments of remnant primitive bodies that date from the era of Solar System formation. At present, the physical properties and origins of NEOs are poorly understood. We have measured thermal emission from…

The Kuiper Belt (KB) region of the solar system, stretching from 30 to at least 50 AU, contains Pluto-Charon, some ~105 Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) larger than 100 km in diameter, and myriad smaller bodies produced by collisions among KBOs…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 S. A. Stern

Near Earth Objects (NEOs) are small Solar System bodies whose orbits bring them close to the Earth's orbit. We are carrying out a Warm Spitzer Cycle 11 Exploration Science program entitled NEOSurvey --- a fast and efficient flux-limited…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-07 David E. Trilling , Michael Mommert , Joseph Hora , Steve Chesley , Joshua Emery , Giovanni Fazio , Alan Harris , Michael Mueller , Howard Smith

Here we measure the absolute magnitude distributions (H-distribution) of the dynamically excited and quiescent (hot and cold) Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs), and test if they share the same H-distribution as the Jupiter Trojans. From a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 Wesley C. Fraser , Michael E. Brown , Alessandro Morbidelli , Alex Parker , Konstantin Batygin

Most known trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) gravitationally scattering off the giant planets have orbital inclinations consistent with an origin from the classical Kuiper belt, but a small fraction of these "scattering TNOs" have inclinations…

Almost all of the $>600$ known Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) have been discovered within 50 AU of the Sun. One possible explanation for the observed lack of KBOs beyond 50 AU is that the distant Kuiper belt is dynamically very cold, and thus…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 R. Lynne Allen , Gary Bernstein , Renu Malhotra

Context: Trans-Neptunian objects are distant bodies that retain valuable information about the origin and evolution of the Solar System. Many of these objects constitute binary systems. Studying binaries allows us to further characterise…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-22 J. M. Gómez-Limón , R. Leiva , J. L. Ortiz , P. Santos-Sanz , M. Kretlow , Y. Kilic , J. L. Rizos , A. Álvarez-Candal , T. G. Müller

We present observations of 32 primarily bright, newly discovered Transneptunian objects observable from the Southern Hemisphere during 39 nights of observation with the 2.5-m telescope at Las Campanas Observatory. Our dataset includes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Susan D. Benecchi , Scott S. Sheppard

Trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are among the most primitive remnants of the early Solar System, and constraining their sizes, shapes, albedos, and surface properties is essential for understanding their origin and evolution. Stellar…

The study of the surface properties of Centaurs and Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) provides essential information about the early conditions and evolution of the outer Solar System. Due to the faintness of most of these distant and icy…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-15 D. Perna , M. A. Barucci , S. Fornasier , F. E. DeMeo , A. Alvarez-Candal , F. Merlin , E. Dotto , A. Doressoundiram , C. de Bergh

The largest trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) represent an extremely diverse collection of primitive bodies in the outer solar system. The community typically refers to these objects as dwarf planets, though the IAU acknowledges only four TNOs…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-30 Noemí Pinilla-Alonso , John Stansberry , Bryan Holler

We present a survey on the rotational and physical properties of the dynamically low inclination Cold Classical trans-Neptunian objects. The Cold Classicals (CCs) are primordial planetesimals and contain relevant information about the early…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-05-29 Audrey Thirouin , Scott S. Sheppard

Several different classes of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) have been identified based on their optical and near-infrared colors. As part of the Colours of the Outer Solar System Origins Survey, we have obtained $g$, $r$, and $z$ band…

The Deep Ecliptic Survey (DES) discovered hundreds of Kuiper Belt objects from 1998-2005. Follow-up observations yielded 304 objects with good dynamical classifications (Classical, Scattered, Centaur, or 16 mean-motion resonances with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 E. R. Adams , A. A. S. Gulbis , J. L. Elliot , S. D. Benecchi , M. W. Buie , D. E. Trilling , L. H. Wasserman