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Summary. A simple derivation of finite Schmidt decomposition of pure states describing finite dimensional systems interacting with the infinite dimensional ones is presented. In particular, maximally entangled pure states in such systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-03-28 Roman Gielerak

For any bipartite quantum system the Schmidt decomposition allows us to express the state vector in terms of a single sum instead of double sums. We show the existence of the Schmidt decomposition for tripartite system under certain…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Arun K. Pati

Entanglement between three or more parties exhibits a realm of properties unknown to two-party states. Bipartite states are easily classified using the Schmidt decomposition. The Schmidt coefficients of a bipartite pure state encompass all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-12-18 Julia Kempe

We present a measure of quantum entanglement which is capable of quantifying the degree of entanglement of a multi-partite quantum system. This measure, which is based on a generalization of the Schmidt rank of a pure state, is defined on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 J. Eisert , H. -J. Briegel

In this letter we have established the physical character of pure bipartite states with the same amount of entanglement in the same Schmidt rank that either they are local unitarily connected or they are incomparable. There exist infinite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-20 Indrani Chattopadhyay , Debasis Sarkar

We present a generalized Schmidt decomposition for a pure system with any number of two-level subsystems. The basis is symmetric under the permutation of the parties and is derived from the product state defining the injective tensor norm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-01-06 Levon Tamaryan , DaeKil Park , Sayatnova Tamaryan

We propose a method for obtaining the Schmidt decomposition of bipartite systems with continuous variables. It approximates the modes to the prescribed accuracy by well known orthogonal functions. We give some criteria for the control of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Lucas Lamata , Juan Leon

Operator entanglement of two-qubit joint unitary operations is revisited. Schmidt number is an important attribute of a two-qubit unitary operation, and may have connection with the entanglement measure of the unitary operator. We found the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Hui-Zhi Xia , Chao Li , Qing Yang , Ming Yang , Zhuo-Liang Cao

A definition of the Schmidt number of a state of an infinite dimensional bipartite quantum system is given and properties of the corresponding family of Schmidt classes are considered. The existence of states with a given Schmidt number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-26 M. E. Shirokov

A general framework is developed for separating classical and quantum correlations in a multipartite system. Entanglement is defined as the difference in the correlation information encoded by the state of a system and a suitably defined…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. Hossein Partovi

Quantum states can be written in infinitely many ways depending on the choices of basis. Schmidt decomposition of a quantum state has a lot of properties useful in the study of entanglement. All bipartite states admit Schmidt decomposition,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Mithilesh Kumar

High-dimensional entanglement, captured by the Schmidt number, underpins advantages in quantum information tasks, yet a unified resource-theoretic description across different Buscemi-type operational objects has been missing. Here we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-30 Xian Shi

We introduce a class of states of a composite quantum system, the so-called cross states, that turn out to play a major role in the theory of entanglement for a genuinely infinite-dimensional bipartite system. In the case where at least one…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2026-02-23 Paolo Aniello

The Schmidt decomposition is an important tool in the study of quantum systems especially for the quantification of the entanglement of pure states. However, the Schmidt decomposition is only unique for bipartite pure states, and some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-02-04 Mark S. Byrd , Gavin K. Brennen

We introduce a weak form of the realignment separability criterion which is particularly suited to detect continuous-variable entanglement and is physically implementable (it requires linear optics transformations and homodyne detection).…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-24 Anaelle Hertz , Matthieu Arnhem , Ali Asadian , Nicolas J. Cerf

It is well known that the Schmidt decomposition exists for all pure states of a two-party quantum system. We demonstrate that there are two ways to obtain an analogous decomposition for arbitrary rank-1 operators acting on states of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-17 Christopher Eltschka , Jens Siewert

By combining a parameterized Hermitian matrix, the realignment matrix of the bipartite density matrix $\rho$ and the vectorization of its reduced density matrices, we present a family of separability criteria, which are stronger than the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-03 Shu-Qian Shen , Meng-Yuan Wang , Ming Li , Shao-Ming Fei

Entanglement measures quantify the amount of quantum entanglement that is contained in quantum states. Typically, different entanglement measures do not have to be partially ordered. The presence of a definite partial order between two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-30 Danko D. Georgiev , Stanley P. Gudder

Quantifying entanglement is a work in progress which is important for the active field of quantum information and computation. A measure of bipartite pure state entanglement is proposed here, named entanglement coherence, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-15 Neha Pathania , Tabish Qureshi

The bipartite entanglement of a pure quantum state is known to be characterized by its Schmidt decomposition. In particular the state is maximally entangled when all the Schmidt coefficients are equal. We point out a convenient method which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-01-09 M. Bhattacharya