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We study the evolution of black hole entropy and temperature in collapse scenarios, finding three generic lessons. First, entropy evolution is extensive. Second, at large times, entropy and temperature ring with twice the frequency of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-09 Aron Jansen , Javier M. Magan

We provide a quantum unifying picture for black holes of all masses and their main properties covering classical, semiclassical, Planckian and trans-Planckian gravity domains: Space-time, size, mass, vacuum ("zero point") energy,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-04-09 Norma G. Sanchez

The question of whether Hawking evaporation violates unitarity, and therefore results in the loss of information, remains unresolved since Hawking's seminal discovery. So far the investigations remain mostly theoretical since it is almost…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-01 Pisin Chen , Gerard Mourou

The black-hole information paradox has fueled a fascinating effort to reconcile the predictions of general relativity and those of quantum mechanics. Gravitational considerations teach us that black holes must trap everything that falls…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-07 Samuel L. Braunstein , Hans-Jürgen Sommers , Karol Życzkowski

We review briefly the thermodynamical interpretation of black hole physics and discuss the problems and inconsistencies in this approach. We provide an alternative interpretation of black holes as quantum objects and investigate the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-25 B. Harms , Y. Leblanc

Almost all of the entropy in the universe is in the form of Bekenstein--Hawking (BH) entropy of super-massive black holes. This entropy, if it satisfies Boltzmann's equation $S=\log{\cal N}$, hence represents almost all the accessible phase…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-05-18 Erik Aurell , Michał Eckstein , Paweł Horodecki

A simple classical consideration of black hole formation and evaporation times focusing solely on the frame of an observer at infinity demonstrates that an infall cutoff outside the event horizon of a black hole must be imposed in order for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-04-13 Borun D. Chowdhury , Lawrence M. Krauss

The formation and evaporation of small AdS black holes in a theory with a holographic dual is governed by the usual rules of quantum mechanics. The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis explains the validity of semiclassical gravity for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-05-27 David A. Lowe , Larus Thorlacius

The preeminent view that evaporating black holes should simply be smaller black holes has been challenged by the firewall paradox. In particular, this paradox suggests that something different occurs once a black hole has evaporated to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-24 Samuel L. Braunstein , Stefano Pirandola

Black holes behave as thermodynamic systems, and a central task of any quantum theory of gravity is to explain these thermal properties. A statistical mechanical description of black hole entropy once seemed remote, but today we suffer an…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-28 S. Carlip

We consider black holes in an "unsuitable box": a finite cavity coupled to a thermal reservoir at a temperature different than the black hole's Hawking temperature. These black holes are described by metrics that are continuous but not…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-06-18 Daniel Grumiller , Robert McNees , Simone Zonetti

We demonstrate that the black hole evaporation can be modelled as a process where one symmetry of the system is spontaneously broken continuously. We then identify three free-parameters of the system. The sign of one of the free-parameters,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-30 Ivan Arraut

We present a semi-classical model for the formation and evaporation of a four dimensional black hole. We solve the equations numerically and obtain solutions describing the entire the space-time geometry from the collapse to the end of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-11-01 Renaud Parentani , Tsvi Piran

Classical black holes are defined by the property that things can go in, but don't come out. However, Stephen Hawking calculated that black holes actually radiate quantum mechanical particles. The two important ingredients that result in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Jennie Traschen

The puzzles of black hole evaporation can be studied in the simplified context of 1+1 dimensional gravity. The semi-classical equations of Callan, Giddings, Harvey and Strominger provide a consistent description of the evaporation process…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 L. Susskind , L. Thorlacius

It is commonly assumed that low-mass primordial black holes cannot constitute a significant fraction of the dark matter in our universe due to their predicted short lifetimes from the conventional Hawking radiation and evaporation process.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-05-06 Paul C. W. Davies , Damien A. Easson , Phillip B. Levin

We have recently proposed a model for a regular black hole, or an ultra-compact object, that is premised on having maximally negative radial pressure throughout the entirety of the object's interior. This model can be viewed as that of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-19 Ram Brustein , A. J. M. Medved , Tamar Simhon

The black hole information loss paradox has plagued physicists since Hawking's discovery that black holes evaporate thermally in contradiction to the unitarity expected by quantum mechanics. Here we show that one of the central presumptions…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-11 John Smolin , Jonathan Oppenheim

We investigate a microscopic black hole in case of modified generalized uncertainty principle with a minimal uncertainty in position as well as in momentum. We calculate thermodynamical functions of a Schwarzschild black hole such as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-05 M. M. Stetsko

Recently, a coherent picture of the quantum mechanics of an evaporating black hole has been presented which reconciles unitarity with the predictions of the equivalence principle. The thermal nature of a black hole as viewed in a distant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-01 Yasunori Nomura