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In the external shock model, gamma-ray burst (GRB) emissions are produced by the energization and deceleration of a thin relativistic blast wave due to its interactions with the circumburst medium (CBM). We study the physical properties of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Charles D. Dermer , Markus Boettcher , J. Chiang

We severely criticize the consuetudinary analysis of the afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the conical-ejection fireball scenarios. We argue that, instead, recent observations imply that the long-duration GRBs and their afterglows…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 Shlomo Dado , Arnon Dar , A. De Rujula

We use a large sample of GRB afterglow and prompt-emission data (adding further GRB afterglow observations in this work) to compare the optical afterglows (or the lack thereof) of Type I GRBs with those of Type II GRBs. In comparison to the…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most energetic phenomena in the Universe, characterized by prompt gamma-ray emission followed by multiwavelength afterglows. X-ray flares, observed during the afterglow phase, are generally believed to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-22 Yinuo Ma , He Gao

The mechanism responsible for the prompt emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is still a debated issue. The prompt phase-related GRB correlations can allow to discriminate among the most plausible theoretical models explaining this emission.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-02-01 Maria Dainotti , Roberta Del Vecchio , Mariusz Tarnopolski

In recent years, our understanding of gamma-ray bursts (GRB) prompt emission has been revolutionized, due to a combination of new instruments, new analysis methods and novel ideas. In this review, I describe the most recent observational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-23 Asaf Pe'er

We study the afterglow phases of a GRB through relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The evolution of a relativistic shell propagating into a homogeneous external medium is followed. We focus on the effect of the magnetization of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Petar Mimica , Dimitrios Giannios , Miguel-Angel Aloy

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are one of the most exciting sources that offer valuable opportunities for investigating the evolution of energy fraction given to magnetic fields and particles through microphysical parameters during relativistic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-07 Nissim Fraija , Maria G. Dainotti , Boris Betancourt Kamenetskaia , Antonio Galván-Gámez , Edilberto Aguilar-Ruiz

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are panchromatic, highly energetic transients whose energy emission mechanism is still debated. One of the possible explanations is the standard fireball model, which can be tested with the closure relations (CRs),…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-04 Delina Levine , Maria Dainotti , Nissim Fraija , Donald Warren , Poonam Chandra , Nicole Lloyd-Ronning

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows have provided important clues to the nature of these massive explosive events, providing direct information on the nearby environment and indirect information on the central engine that powers the burst. We…

The gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A, with its extreme brightness, has provided the opportunity to explore GRB prompt and afterglow emission behavior on short time scales with high statistics. In conjunction with detection up to very…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-08-30 James Rodi , Pietro Ubertini

Cosmological fireball models of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) predict delayed emission, ``after-glow,'' at longer wavelengths. We present several new results regarding the model predictions, and show that X-ray to optical observations of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Eli Waxman

It is demonstrated here that if the prompt GRB emission is produced by the simplest version of the external shock model, a specific relation should prevail between the observed duration, isotropic equivalent energy, and photon peak energy.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , Jonathan Granot

The many similarities between the prompt emission pulses in gamma ray bursts (GRBs) and X-ray flares during the fast decay and afterglow phases of GRBs suggest a common origin. In the cannonball (CB) model of GRBs, this common origin is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-13 Shlomo Dado , Arnon Dar

In this paper we further investigate the relationship, reported by Oates et al., 2012, between the optical/UV afterglow luminosity (measured at restframe 200s) and average afterglow decay rate (measured from restframe 200s onwards) of long…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-30 S. R. Oates , J. L. Racusin , M. De Pasquale , M. J. Page , A. J. Castro-Tirado , J. Gorosabel , P. J. Smith , A. A. Breeveld , N. P. M Kuin

The afterglows of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have commonly been assumed to be due to shocks sweeping up the circum-stellar medium. However, most GRBs have been found in dense star-forming regions where a significant fraction of the prompt…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-05 L. Shao , Z. G. Dai

There have been great and rapid progresses in the field of $\gamma$-ray bursts (denoted as GRBs) since BeppoSAX and other telescopes discovered their afterglows in 1997. Here, we will first give a brief review on the observational facts of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-01-27 T. Lu

The transition from prompt to the afterglow emission is one of the most exciting and least understood phases in gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Correlations among optical, X-ray and gamma-ray emission in GRBs have been explored, to attempt to…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are thought to result from the interaction of an extremely relativistic outflow interacting with a small amount of material surrounding the site of the explosion. Multi-wavelength observations covering the gamma-ray…