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The high eccentricities of the known extrasolar planets remain largely unexplained. We explore the possibility that eccentricities are excited in the outer parts of an extended planetary disk by encounters with stars passing at a few…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Nadia L. Zakamska , Scott Tremaine

We present the results of hydrodynamical simulations of the orbital evolution of planets undergoing runaway gas accretion in radiative discs. We consider accreting disc models with constant mass flux through the disc, and where radiative…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-21 Arnaud Pierens , Sean Raymond

Most extrasolar planets are observed to have eccentricities much larger than those in the solar system. Some of these planets have sibling planets, with comparable masses, orbiting around the same host stars. In these multiple planetary…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Nagasawa , D. N. C. Lin , S. Ida

Recently, gas giant planets in nearly circular orbits with large semimajor axes ($a \sim$ 30--1000AU) have been detected by direct imaging. We have investigated orbital evolution in a formation scenario for such planets, based on core…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 A. Kikuchi , A. Higuchi , S. Ida

A clear understanding of the chemical processing of matter, as it is transferred from a molecular cloud to a planetary system, depends heavily on knowledge of the physical conditions endured by gas and dust as these accrete onto a disk and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 David W. Koerner

A new view of disk evolution is emerging from self-consistent numerical simulation modeling of the formation of circumstellar disks from the direct collapse of prestellar cloud cores. This has implications for many aspects of star and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Shantanu Basu , Eduard I. Vorobyov

We investigate the interaction between an eccentric planet and a less massive external debris disc. This scenario could occur after planet-planet scattering or merging events. We characterise the evolution over a wide range of initial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Tim D. Pearce , Mark C. Wyatt

Context. The classical "planetesimal" accretion scenario for the formation of planets has recently evolved with the idea that "pebbles", centimeter- to meter-sized icy grains migrating in protoplanetary disks, can control planetesimal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-22 Shigeru Ida , Tristan Guillot , Alessandro Morbidelli

We present a numerical study of rapid, so called type III migration for Jupitersized planets embedded in a protoplanetary disc. We limit ourselves to the case of inward migration, and study in detail its evolution and physics, concentrating…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Peplinski , P. Artymowicz , G. Mellema

The current picture of terrestrial planet formation relies heavily on our understanding of the dynamical evolution of planetesimals -- asteroid-like bodies thought to be planetary building blocks. In this study we investigate the growth of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Roman R. Rafikov

Approximately half of the planets discovered by NASA's Kepler mission are in systems where just a single planet transits its host star, and the remaining planets are observed to be in multi-planet systems. Recent analyses have reported a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-07 Sanson T. S. Poon , Richard P. Nelson

We investigate the evolution of protoplanets with different masses embedded in an accretion disk, via global fully three-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations. We consider a range of planetary masses extending from one and a half Earth's…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-20 Gennaro D'Angelo , Willy Kley , Thomas Henning

The discovery of protoplanets and circumplanetary disks provides a unique opportunity to characterize planet formation through observations. Massive protoplanets shape the physical and chemical structure of their host circumstellar disk by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-15 Felipe Alarcón , Edwin Bergin

This study investigates the orbital migration of a planet located near the truncated edge of protoplanetary disks, induced by X-ray photo-evaporation originating from the central star. The combined effects of turbulent viscous accretion and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-15 Beibei Liu , Clément Baruteau , Zhaohuan Zhu , Ya-Ping Li , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper

The hundreds of multiple planetary systems discovered by the \textit{Kepler} mission are typically observed to reside in close-in ($\lesssim0.5$ AU), low-eccentricity, and low-inclination orbits. We run N-body experiments to study the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-19 Chelsea X. Huang , Cristobal Petrovich , Emily Deibert

This paper presents a parametric study of giant planet migration through the combined action of disk torques and planet-planet scattering. The torques exerted on planets during Type II migration in circumstellar disks readily decrease the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Althea V. Moorhead , Fred C. Adams

Extreme debris disks can show short term behaviour through the evolution and clearing of small grains produced in giant impacts, and potentially a longer period of variability caused by a planetesimal population formed from giant impact…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-21 Lewis Watt , Zoë M. Leinhardt , Philip J. Carter

Prevailing $N$-body planet formation models typically start with lunar-mass embryos and show a general trend of rapid migration of massive planetary cores to the inner Solar System in the absence of a migration trap. This setup cannot…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-27 Tommy Chi Ho Lau , Man Hoi Lee , Ramon Brasser , Soko Matsumura

Migration commonly occurs during the epoch of planet formation. For emerging gas giant planets, it proceeds concurrently with their growth through the accretion of gas from their natal protoplanetary disks. Similar migration process should…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-19 Ya-Ping Li , Yi-Xian Chen , Douglas N. C. Lin

The torques exerted by a locally isothermal disk on an embedded planet lead to rapid inward migration. Recent work has shown that modeling the thermodynamics without the assumption of local isothermality reveals regions where the net torque…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Brandon Horn , Wladimir Lyra , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low , Zsolt Sándor