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We study explorability, a measure of nondeterminism in pushdown automata, which generalises history-determinism. An automaton is k-explorable if, while reading the input, it suffices to follow k concurrent runs, built step-by-step based…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ayaan Bedi , Karoliina Lehtinen

There are many types of automata and grammar models that have been studied in the literature, and for these models, it is common to determine whether certain problems are decidable. One problem that has been difficult to answer throughout…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Oscar H. Ibarra , Ian McQuillan

The paper is focused on temporal logics for the description of the behaviour of real-time pushdown reactive systems. The paper is motivated to bridge tractable logics specialized for expressing separately dense-time real-time properties and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-08-16 Laura Bozzelli , Aniello Murano , Adriano Peron

Automata with monitor counters, where the transitions do not depend on counter values, and nested weighted automata are two expressive automata-theoretic frameworks for quantitative properties. For a well-studied and wide class of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Thomas A. Henzinger , Jan Otop

We show the diagonal problem for higher-order pushdown automata (HOPDA), and hence the simultaneous unboundedness problem, is decidable. From recent work by Zetzsche this means that we can construct the downward closure of the set of words…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-06 Matthew Hague , Jonathan Kochems , C. -H. Luke Ong

In this note, we provide complexity characterizations of model checking multi-pushdown systems. Multi-pushdown systems model recursive concurrent programs in which any sequential process has a finite control. We consider three standard…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2012-12-10 Kshitij Bansal , Stéphane Demri

We study the satisfiability problem of symbolic tree automata and decompose it into the satisfiability problem of the existential first-order theory of the input characters and the existential monadic second-order theory of the indices of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Rodrigo Raya

Jumping automata are finite automata that read their input in a non-consecutive manner, disregarding the order of the letters in the word. We introduce and study jumping automata over infinite words. Unlike the setting of finite words,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Shaull Almagor , Omer Yizhaq

This paper contains two results on timed extensions of pushdown automata (PDA). As our first result we prove that the model of dense-timed PDA of Abdulla et al. collapses: it is expressively equivalent to dense-timed PDA with timeless…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-20 Lorenzo Clemente , Sławomir Lasota

Higher-order pushdown systems and ground tree rewriting systems can be seen as extensions of suffix word rewriting systems. Both classes generate infinite graphs with interesting logical properties. Indeed, the model-checking problem for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-02-17 Vincent Penelle

Indexed languages are a classical notion in formal language theory, which has attracted attention in recent decades due to its role in higher-order model checking: They are precisely the languages accepted by order-2 pushdown automata. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Richard Mandel , Corto Mascle , Georg Zetzsche

We study the satisfiability problem of symbolic finite automata and decompose it into the satisfiability problem of the theory of the input characters and the monadic second-order theory of the indices of accepted words. We use our…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Rodrigo Raya

We study an expressive model of timed pushdown automata extended with modular and fractional clock constraints. We show that the binary reachability relation is effectively expressible in hybrid linear arithmetic with a rational and an…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Lorenzo Clemente , Sławomir Lasota

Nested words introduced by Alur and Madhusudan are used to capture structures with both linear and hierarchical order, e.g. XML documents, without losing valuable closure properties. Furthermore, Alur and Madhusudan introduced automata and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-24 Manfred Droste , Stefan Dück

We study the expressiveness and succinctness of history-deterministic pushdown automata (HD-PDA) over finite words, that is, pushdown automata whose nondeterminism can be resolved based on the run constructed so far, but independently of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Shibashis Guha , Ismaël Jecker , Karoliina Lehtinen , Martin Zimmermann

Hankel matrices (aka connection matrices) of word functions and graph parameters have wide applications in automata theory, graph theory, and machine learning. We give a characterization of real-valued functions on nested words recognized…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-06-28 Nadia Labai , Johann A. Makowsky

We examine different generalizations of checking stack automata by allowing multiple input heads and multiple stacks, and characterize their computing power in terms of two-way multi-head finite automata and space-bounded Turing machines.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-12-05 Oscar H. Ibarra , Ian McQuillan

We introduce the notion of adaptive synchronisation for pushdown automata, in which there is an external observer who has no knowledge about the current state of the pushdown automaton, but can observe the contents of the stack. The…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-16 A. R. Balasubramanian , K. S. Thejaswini

The problem if a given configuration of a pushdown automaton (PDA) is bisimilar with some (unspecified) finite-state process is shown to be decidable. The decidability is proven in the framework of first-order grammars, which are given by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-25 Petr Jancar

A new class of languages of infinite words is introduced, called the max-regular languages, extending the class of $\omega$-regular languages. The class has two equivalent descriptions: in terms of automata (a type of deterministic counter…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2009-03-09 Mikolaj Bojanczyk