Related papers: Family Gauge Symmetry and Koide's Mass Formula
It was conjectured some time ago that an effective description of the Coulomb-confinement transition in compact U(1) lattice gauge field theory could be described by scalar QED obtained by soft breaking of the N=2 Seiberg-Witten model down…
It is well established that the $SU(P)_L$ gauge symmetry for $P\geq 3$ can address the question of fermion generation number due to the anomaly cancellation, but it neither commutes nor closes algebraically with electric and…
In the family grand unification models (fGUTs), we propose that gauge U(1)'s beyond the minimal GUT gauge group are family gauge symmetries. For the symmetry $L_\mu-L_\tau$, i.e. $Q_{2}-Q_{3}$ in our case, to be useful for the LHC anomaly,…
Granting that the $SU_c(3) \times SU_L(2) \times U(1) \times SU_f(3)$ Standard Model is valid (or, partially valid), for the real world, we propose the $\mu^+ e^-$ collider in the $10^2\, GeV$ range as the family collider. This family…
Lepton family number violation processes arise in the $SU(6)_L \otimes U(1)_Y$ model due to the presence of an extra neutral gauge boson, Z$'$, with family changing couplings, and due to the fact that this model demands the existence of…
In the framework of a mass formula proposed previously (transforming in a specific way three free parameters into three masses), a simple empirical sum rule for three charged-lepton masses is found, predicting m_\tau = 1776.9926 MeV, when…
An effective theory is proposed, combining the standard gauge group $SU(3)_{C}\otimes SU(2)_{L}\otimes U(1)_{Y}$ with a horizontal discrete symmetry. By assigning appropriate charges under this discrete symmetry to the various fermion…
We present a common explanation of the fermion mass hierarchy and the large lepton mixing angles in the context of a grand unified flavor and gauge theory (GUTF). Our starting point is a SU(3)xU(1) flavor symmetry and a SO(10) GUT, a basic…
Unification ideas suggest an integral treatment of fermion and boson spin and gauge-group degrees of freedom. Hence, a generalized quantum field equation, based on Dirac's, is proposed and investigated which contains gauge and flavor…
The spin-charge-family theory predicts the existence of the fourth family to the observed three. The $4 \times 4$ mass matrices --- determined by the nonzero vacuum expectation values of the two triplet scalars, the gauge fields of the two…
We investigate symmetry breaking patterns from replicated gauge groups which generate anomaly-free and family-dependent U(1) symmetries. We discuss the extent to which these symmetries can explain the observed hierarchies of fermion masses…
If supersymmetry (SUSY) is not for stabilizing the electroweak energy scale, what is it used for in particle physics? We propose that it is for flavor problems. A cyclic family symmetry is introduced. Under the family symmetry, only the…
The fermionic sector of the Standard Model of Elementary Particles emerges as the low energy limit of a single fermionic field freely propagating in a higher dimensional background. The local geometrical framework is obtained by enforcing…
We explore a framework for the computation of quark mass ratios and CKM mixing angles based on an SU(3) family gauge symmetry. The four ratios md/mb, ms/mb, mu/mt, and mc/mt can be fit at one-loop in the family gauge interaction. The same…
We present a model of quark and lepton masses and mixings based on A4 family symmetry, a discrete subgroup of an SO(3) flavour symmetry, together with Pati-Salam unification. It accommodates tri-bimaximal neutrino mixing via constrained…
The family symmetry $SU(3)\otimes U(1)$ is proposed to solve flavor problems about fermion masses and flavor mixings. It's breaking is implemented by some flavon fields at the high-energy scale. In addition a discrete group $Z_{2}$ is…
We propose a model in which $A_4$ Family Symmetry arises dynamically from a six dimensional orbifold SU(5) Supersymmetric Grand Unified Theory. The SU(5) is broken to the Standard Model gauge group by a particular orbifold compactification…
It is shown that the efficient mass formula we found for charged leptons in 1992 can be considered as an excellent approximate solution to the mysterious charged-lepton mass equation proposed by Koide in 1981.
We propose a top hypercharge model with gauge symmetry SU(3)_C x SU(2)_L x U(1)_1 x U(1)_2 where the first two families of the Standard Model (SM) fermions are charged under U(1)_1 while the third family is charged under U(1)_2. The U(1)_1…
We present a simple $U(1)_{B_3-3L_\mu}$ gauge Standard Model extension that can easily account for the anomalies in $R(K)$ and $R(K^*)$ reported by LHCb. The model is economical in its setup and particle content. Among the Standard Model…