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Related papers: Electron acceleration at a low-Mach-number perpend…

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Understanding the conditions that enable particle acceleration at non-relativistic collisionless shocks is essential to unveil the origin of cosmic rays. We employ 2D and 3D hybrid simulations (with kinetic ions and fluid electrons) to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-21 Luca Orusa , Damiano Caprioli , Lorenzo Sironi , Anatoly Spitkovsky

An extreme case of electron shock drift acceleration in low Mach number collisionless shocks is investigated as a plausible mechanism of initial acceleration of relativistic electrons in large-scale shocks in galaxy clusters where upstream…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-30 Shuichi Matsukiyo , Yutaka Ohira , Ryo Yamazaki , Takayuki Umeda

The formation of collisionless shock fronts is an ubiquitous phenomenon in space plasma environments. In the solar wind shocks might accompany coronal mass ejections, while even more violent events, such as supernovae, produce shock fronts…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-03-17 Cedric Schreiner , Patrick Kilian , Felix Spanier , Patricio A. Muñoz , Jörg Büchner

We use large hybrid simulations to study ion acceleration and generation of magnetic turbulence due to the streaming of particles that are self-consistently accelerated at non-relativistic shocks. When acceleration is efficient, we find…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Damiano Caprioli , Anatoly Spitkovsky

The existence and properties of low Mach-number ($M \gtrsim 1$) electrostatic collisionless shocks are investigated with a semi-analytical solution for the shock structure. We show that the properties of the shock obtained in the…

Fully kinetic two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are used to study electron acceleration at high-Mach-number nonrelativistic perpendicular shocks. SNR shocks are mediated by the Weibel instability which is excited because of an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-15 Artem Bohdan , Martin Pohl , Jacek Niemiec , Sergei Vafin , Yosuke Matsumoto , Takanobu Amano , Masahiro Hoshino

Large-scale two-dimensional (2D) full particle-in-cell simulations are carried out for studying the relationship between the dynamics of a perpendicular shock and microinstabilities generated at the shock foot. The structure and dynamics of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2014-02-10 Takayuki Umeda , Yoshitaka Kidani , Shuichi Matsukiyo , Ryo Yamazaki

Collisionless shocks heat electrons in the solar wind, interstellar blast waves, and hot gas permeating galaxy clusters. How much shock heating goes to electrons instead of ions, and what plasma physics controls electron heating? We…

Space Physics · Physics 2021-01-01 Aaron Tran , Lorenzo Sironi

We use fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations with unprecedentedly large transverse box sizes to study particle acceleration in weakly-magnetized mildly relativistic shocks traveling at a velocity $\approx 0.75c$ and a Mach number of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-10 Patrick Crumley , Damiano Caprioli , Sera Markoff , Anatoly Spitkovsky

A full particle simulation study is carried out for studying microinstabilities generated at the shock front of perpendicular collisionless shocks. The structure and dynamics of shock waves are determined by Alfven Mach number and plasma…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Takayuki Umeda , Yoshitaka Kidani , Shuichi Matsukiyo , Ryo Yamazaki

A leading explanation for the origin of Galactic cosmic rays is acceleration at high-Mach number shock waves in the collisionless plasma surrounding young supernova remnants. Evidence for this is provided by multi-wavelength non-thermal…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-08-02 A. Masters , A. H. Sulaiman , Ł. Stawarz , B. Reville , N. Sergis , M. Fujimoto , D. Burgess , A. J. Coates , M. K. Dougherty

It is shown that collisionless shock waves can be driven in unmagnetized electron-positron plasmas by performing a two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. At the shock transition region, strong magnetic fields are generated by a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-03-31 Tsunehiko N. Kato

After introduction we focus on: the transport of charged particles, the acceleration of ions at shocks, and the acceleration of electrons at shocks. Chapter 2 studies the propagation of solar energetic particles(SEPs) in turbulent magnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-11-16 Fan Guo

The non-thermal acceleration of electrons and ions at an oblique, non-relativistic shock is studied using large scale particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations in one spatial dimension. Physical parameters are selected to highlight the role of…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2021-11-01 Naveen Kumar , Brian Reville

We investigate the acceleration of charged particles (both electrons and protons) at collisionless shocks predicted to exist in the vicinity of solar flares. The existence of standing termination shocks has been examined by flare models and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-04 Fan Guo , Joe Giacalone

Particle acceleration and heating at mildly relativistic magnetized shocks in electron-ion plasma are investigated with unprecedentedly high-resolution two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations that include ion-scale shock rippling.…

An analytic solution describing an ion-acoustic collisionless shock, self-consistently with the evolution of shock-reflected ions, is obtained. The solution extends the classic soliton solution beyond a critical Mach number, where the…

A two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation is performed to investigate weakly magnetized perpendicular shocks with a magnetization parameter of 6 x 10^-5, which is equivalent to a high Alfv\'en Mach number M_A of ~130. It is shown that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-09-03 Tsunehiko N. Kato , Hideaki Takabe

In this paper, we study shock structures of collisionless shocks in partially ionized plasmas by means of two-dimensional hybrid simulations, where the shock is a perpendicular shock with shock velocity Vsh ~ 40 Va ~ 1333 km/s and the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-02-03 Yutaka Ohira

The course of non-thermal electron ejection in relativistic unmagnetized electron-ion shocks is investigated by performing self-consistent particle-in-cell simulations. The shocks are excited through the injection of relativistic jet into…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-08-24 Kazem Ardaneh , Dongsheng Cai , Ken-Ichi Nishikawa