Related papers: Calculus with a Quaternionic Variable

We give a proper fractional extension of the classical calculus of variations. Necessary optimality conditions of Euler-Lagrange type for variational problems containing both classical and fractional derivatives are proved. The fundamental…

Proofs are traditionally syntactic, inductively generated objects. This paper reformulates first-order logic (predicate calculus) with proofs which are graph-theoretic rather than syntactic. It defines a combinatorial proof of a formula…

Variational calculus on a vector bundle E equipped with a structure of a general algebroid is developed, together with the corresponding analogs of Euler-Lagrange equations. Constrained systems are introduced in the variational and in the…

A method of reducing general quaternion functions of first degree, i.e., linear quaternion functions, to quaternary canonical form is given. Linear quaternion functions, once reduced to canonical form, can be maintained in this form under…

We present first results on the axial and pseudoscalar $\Delta$ form factors. The analysis is carried out in the quenched approximation where statistical errors are small and the lattice set-up can be investigated relatively quickly. We…

Fast algorithms for arithmetic on real or complex polynomials are well-known and have proven to be not only asymptotically efficient but also very practical. Based on Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), they for instance multiply two polynomials…

We revisit scalar $\phi^4$ theory and construct a reorganized perturbative expansion in which the kinetic operator, rather than the quartic interaction, is treated as the perturbation. Starting from the exactly solvable $0$-dimensional…

Use of certain non-commuting variables is considered in first-order differential equations. Superspace variables are discussed within the setting of first-order ordinary differential equations and n-ary algebras. Results on quadratic…

Non-Newtonian calculus that starts with elementary non-Diophantine arithmetic operations of a Burgin type is applicable to all fractals whose cardinality is continuum. The resulting definitions of derivatives and integrals are simpler from…

While the definition of a fractional integral may be codified by Riemann and Liouville, an agreed-upon fractional derivative has eluded discovery for many years. This is likely a result of integral definitions including numerous constants…

We give an analog of Frobenius' theorem about the factorization of the group determinant on the group algebra of finite abelian groups and we extend it into dihedral groups and generalized quaternion groups. Furthermore, we describe the…

Using octonions, more specifically, using a 4 x 4 matrix representation of octonions obtained with the help of algebraic properties of quaternions, we obtain the fully symmetric Maxwell's equations (Maxwell's equations with electric and…

The degree by which a function can be differentiated need not be restricted to integer values. Usually most of the field equations of physics are taken to be second order, curiosity asks what happens if this is only approximately the case…

We develop further quaternionic analysis introducing left and right doubly regular functions. We derive Cauchy-Fueter type formulas for these doubly regular functions that can be regarded as another counterpart of Cauchy's integral formula…

Dirac's equation of the electron will be discussed by using quaternions as the basis of a new formalism which seems to be very well adapted to the problem. The transformation properties of the equations as well as the invariant and…

While real Hamiltonian mechanics and Hermitian quantum mechanics can both be cast in the framework of complex canonical equations, their complex generalisations have hitherto been remained tangential. In this paper quaternionic and…

In this paper, we derive explicit formulas for computing the roots of $ax^{2}+bx+c=0$ with $a$ being not invertible in split quaternion algebra. We also imitate the approach developed by Opfer, Janovska and Falcao etc. to verify our results…

The dynamics of the second order rational difference equation $\displaystyle{z_{n+1}=\frac{\alpha + z_{n-1}}{\beta z_n + z_{n-1}}}$ with the real parameter $\alpha$, $\beta$ and arbitrary non-negative real initial conditions is investigated…

Differential operators usually result in derivatives expressed as a ratio of differentials. For all but the simplest derivatives, these ratios are typically not algebraically manipulable, but must be held together as a unit in order to…

We discuss the Schrodinger equation in presence of quaternionic potentials. The study is performed analytically as long as it proves possible, when not, we resort to numerical calculations. The results obtained could be useful to…