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We introduce analogues of algebraic groups called algebraic racks, which are pointed rack objects in the category of schemes over a ground field. Addressing a problem of Loday, we construct functors assigning left and right Leibniz algebras…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Luc Ta

In this work, we consider optimal control problems for mechanical systems on vector spaces with fixed initial and free final state and a quadratic Lagrange term. Specifically, the dynamics is described by a second order ODE containing an…

In this paper, we study the Lagrangian functions for a class of second-order differential systems arising from physics. For such systems, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of Lagrangian functions. Based on the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Yihan Shen , Yajuan Sun

The field of topological photonics emerged as one of the most promising areas for applications in transformative technologies: possible applications are in topological lasers or quantum optics interfaces. Nevertheless, efficient and simple…

An extended multi-hadron operator is developed to extract the spectra of irreducible representations in the finite volume. The irreducible representations of the cubic group are projected using a coordinate-space operator. The correlation…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2018-04-18 Jia-jun Wu , Waseem Kamleh , Derek B. Leinweber , Gerrit Schierholz , Ross D. Young , James M. Zanotti

In polarization optics, an important role play Mueller matrices -- real four-dimensional matrices which describe the effect of action of optical elements on the polarization state of the light, described by 4-dimensional Stokes vectors. An…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2012-02-01 V. M. Red'kov , E. M. Ovsiyuk

Diffractive optical elements that divide an input beam into a set of replicas are used in many optical applications ranging from image processing to communications. Their design requires time-consuming optimization processes, which, for a…

In this paper are reviewed various designs of advanced, multi-aperture optical systems dedicated to high angular resolution imaging or to the detection of exo-planets by nulling interferometry. A simple Fourier optics formalism applicable…

Optics · Physics 2016-01-20 Francois Henault

Two novel version of weak form quadrature elements are proposed based on Lagrange and Hermite interpolations, respectively, for a sec- ond strain gradient Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The second strain gradient theory is governed by eighth…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Md. Ishaquddin , S. Gopalakrishnan

To each 4x4 matrix of reals another 4x4 matrix is constructed, the so-called associate matrix. This associate matrix is shown to have rank 1 and norm 1 (considered as a 16D vector) if and only if the original matrix is a 4D rotation matrix.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Johan Ernest Mebius

A formula is proposed which expresses free fermion fields in 2K dimensions in terms of the Cartan currents of the free fermion current algebra. This leads, in an obvious manner, to a vertex operator construction of nonabelian free fermion…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-28 T. Banks

The inverse problem of diffraction theory in essence amounts to the reconstruction of the atomic positions of a solid from its diffraction image. From a mathematical perspective, this is a notoriously difficult problem, even in the…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2009-02-23 Uwe Grimm , Michael Baake

The long-term goal initiated in this work is to obtain fast algorithms and implementations for definite integration in Almkvist and Zeilberger's framework of (differential) creative telescoping. Our complexity-driven approach is to obtain…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2013-01-23 Alin Bostan , Shaoshi Chen , Frédéric Chyzak , Ziming Li

We perform the sewing of two (dual) Ramond reggeon vertices and derive an algorithm by means of which the so obtained four-Ramond reggeon vertex may be explicitly computed at arbitrary oscillator (mass) level. A closed form of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2011-07-19 Niclas Engberg , Bengt E. W Nilsson , Per Sundell

Here the role and influence of aberrations in optical imaging systems employing partially coherent complex scalar fields is studied. Imaging systems require aberrations to yield contrast in the output image. For linear shift-invariant…

Optics · Physics 2015-06-30 Mario A. Beltran , Marcus J. Kitchen , T. Petersen , David M. Paganin

We analyze the particle spectrum of a second-order (in derivatives) theory based on a rank-2 tensor field with both symmetric and antisymmetric components. By demanding the existence of a propagating massless spin-2 particle and invariance…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-04-24 D. Dalmazi , Luiz G. M. Ramos

We provide a detailed analysis of our previously proposed scheme [Phys. Rev. Lett. 88, 180401, (2002)] to engineer the profile of the hopping amplitudes for atomic gases in a 1D optical lattice so that the particle number becomes…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2008-11-26 J. Ruostekoski , J. Javanainen , G. V. Dunne

In this work we examine refraction of light by computing full solutions to axion electrodynamics. We also allow for the possibility of an additional plasma component. We then specialise to wavelengths which are small compared to background…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-09-01 Jamie I. McDonald , Luís B. Ventura

From the matrix point of view, we use the recursion to discuss four combinatorial numbers in terms of the integer lattice paths, this is different from Andr\'a's method (Andra). We give four tables and matrices, and their relations, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-23 Jishe Feng

In the staggered fermion formulation of lattice QCD, we construct diquark operators which are to be embedded in singly heavy baryons. The group theoretical connections between continuum and lattice staggered diquark representations are…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2008-11-26 Steven Gottlieb , Heechang Na , Kazuhiro Nagata