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Real eigenvalues of pseudo-Hermitian matrices, such as real matrices and $\mathcal{PT-}$symmetric matrices, frequently split into complex conjugate pairs. This is accompanied by the breaking of certain symmetries of the eigenvectors and,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Abhijeet Melkani

The emergence of various types of degeneracies plays a crucial role in optimizing and engineering different physical phenomena in non-Hermitian physics. In our work, we focus on the derogatory Exceptional Points (EPs), which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-22 Grigory A. Starkov , Sharareh Sayyad

Defective spectral degeneracy, known as exceptional point (EP), lies at the heart of various intriguing phenomena in optics, acoustics, and other nonconservative systems. Despite extensive studies in the past two decades, the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-04-13 Cui-Xian Guo , Shu Chen , Kun Ding , Haiping Hu

Exceptional points are complex branching singularities of non-Hermitian bands that have lately attracted considerable interest, particularly in non-Hermitian photonics. In this article, we review some recent developments in non-Hermitian…

Optics · Physics 2023-10-31 Haiyu Meng , Yee Sin Ang , Ching Hua Lee

We consider an N-level non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with an exceptional point of order N. We define adiabatic equivalence in such systems and explore topological phase. We show that the topological exceptional states appear at the interface of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 C. Yuce

We develop a systematically general theory of one-dimensional (1D) non-Hermitian systems, elaborating on the energy bands, the band degeneracy, and the defectiveness of eigenstates under open boundary conditions. We analyze the band…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-02-22 Yongxu Fu , Shaolong Wan

We classify gapped phases and characteristic nodal points of non-Hermitian band structures on two-dimensional nonorientable parameter spaces. Such spaces arise in a wide range of physical systems in the presence of nonsymmorphic parameter…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 J. Lukas K. König , Kang Yang , André Grossi Fonseca , Sachin Vaidya , Marin Soljačić , Emil J. Bergholtz

Exceptional points are spectral degeneracies of non-Hermitian systems where eigenvalues and eigenvectors coalesce, inducing unique topological phases that have no counterpart in the Hermitian realm. Here we consider a non-Hermitian system…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-04-10 Jorge Cayao

Exceptional points (EPs), the degeneracy point of non-Hermitian systems, have recently attracted great attention after its ability to greatly enhance the sensitivity of micro-cavities is demonstrated experimentally. Unlike the usual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-04 Geng-Li Zhang , Di Liu , Xi-Ming Wang , Man-Hong Yung

Exceptional points (EP) in non-Hermitian systems have been widely investigated due to their enhanced sensitivity in comparison to standard systems. In this letter, we report the observation of higher-order pseudo-Hermitian degeneracies in…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-05-02 Ke Yin , Xianglin Hao , Yuangen Huang , Jianlong Zou , Xikui Ma , Tianyu Dong

An exceptional point is a special point in parameter space at which two (or more) eigenvalues and eigenvectors coincide. The discovery of exceptional points within mechanical and optical systems has uncovered peculiar effects in their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-24 C. A. Downing , V. A. Saroka

We investigate non-Hermitian degeneracies, also known as exceptional points, in continous elastic media, and their potential application to the detection of mass and stiffness perturbations. Degenerate states are induced by enforcing…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-02-24 M. I. N. Rosa , M. Mazzotti , M. Ruzzene

Non-Hermitian, tight-binding $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetric models are extensively studied in the literature. Here, we investigate two forms of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians to study the $\mathcal{PT}$-symmetry breaking thresholds and features of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-28 Jacob L. Barnett , Yogesh N. Joglekar

In photonics, most systems are non-Hermitian due to radiation into open space and material losses. At the same time, non-Hermitianity defines a new physics, in particular, it gives rise to a new class of degenerations called exceptional…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-09 Nikolay Solodovchenko , Kirill Samusev , Mikhail Limonov

An asymptotic approach for a Schroedinger type equation with non selfadjoint Hamiltonian of a special type in the case of two close degeneracy (turning) points is developed. Both real and complex degeneracy points are treated by a method of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Ignat Fialkovsky , Maria Perel

We present a transmission line theory of exceptional points of degeneracy (EPD) in coupled-mode guiding structures, i.e., a theory that illustrates the characteristics of coupled electromagnetic modes under a special dispersion degeneracy…

Optics · Physics 2017-09-15 Mohamed A. K. Othman , Filippo Capolino

Exceptional points are complex-valued spectral singularities that lead to a host of intriguing features such as loss-induced transparency - a counterintuitive process in which an increase in the system's overall loss can lead to enhanced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-13 Konrad Tschernig , Kurt Busch , Demetrios N. Christodoulides , Armando Perez-Leija

Exceptional points~(EPs) appear as degeneracies in the spectrum of non-Hermitian matrices at which the eigenvectors coalesce. In general, an EP of order $n$ may find room to emerge if $2(n-1)$ real constraints are imposed. Our results show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-29 Sharareh Sayyad , Flore K. Kunst

The phenomenon of degeneracy of an $N-$plet of bound states is studied in the framework of quantum theory of closed (i.e., unitary) systems. For an underlying Hamiltonian $H=H(\lambda)$ the degeneracy occurs at a Kato's exceptional point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-29 Miloslav Znojil

The study of non-Hermitian degeneracies -- called exceptional points -- has become an exciting frontier at the crossroads of optics, photonics, acoustics, and quantum physics. Here, we introduce the Newton polygon method as a general…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Rimika Jaiswal , Ayan Banerjee , Awadhesh Narayan