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The evolution pattern of exceptional points is studied in a non-integrable limit of the complex-extended 3-level Richardson-Gaudin model. The appearance of a pseudo-diabolic point from the fusion of two exceptional points is demonstrated in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-27 J. Okolowicz , M. Ploszajczak , J. Dukelsky

In non-hermitian systems, the particular position at which two eigenstates coalesce under a variation of a parameter in the complex plane is called an exceptional point. A non-perturbative theory is proposed which describes the evolution of…

In photonics, most systems are non-Hermitian due to radiation into open space and material losses. At the same time, non-Hermitianity defines a new physics, in particular, it gives rise to a new class of degenerations called exceptional…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-09 Nikolay Solodovchenko , Kirill Samusev , Mikhail Limonov

We show that a composite quantum system described by the tensor product of multiple systems each with a leading-order exceptional point (a non-Hermitian degeneracy at which not only eigenvalues but also eigenstates coalesce) exhibits a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-28 Jan Wiersig , Weijian Chen

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracies in open wave systems with coalescence of at least two energy levels and their corresponding eigenstates. In higher dimensions, more complex EP physics not found in two-state systems is observed. We…

Non-Hermitian systems distinguish themselves from Hermitian systems by exhibiting a phase transition point called an exceptional point (EP), which is the point at which two eigenstates coalesce under a system parameter variation. Many…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-04-20 Kun Ding , Guancong Ma , Meng Xiao , Z. Q. Zhang , C. T. Chan

We review some recent work on the occurrence of coalescing eigenstates at exceptional points in non-Hermitian systems and their influence on physical quantities. We particularly focus on quantum dynamics near exceptional points in open…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-27 Savannah Garmon , Takafumi Sawada , Kenichi Noba , Gonzalo Ordonez

We consider non-Hermitian tight-binding one-dimensional Hamiltonians and show that imposing a certain symmetry causes all eigenvalues to pair up and the corresponding eigenstates to coalesce in pairs. This Pairwise Coalescence (PC) is an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Yusuf H. Erdogan , Masudul Haque

We show a parameter-dependent $3\times 3$ non-Hermitian matrix that exhibits both degeneracy and coalescence of eigenvalues at an exceptional point (Hermitian and non-Hermitian degeneracies). This simple non-Hermitian model is suitable for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-19 Francisco M. Fernández

Exceptional points and double poles of the S matrix are both characterized by the coalescence of a pair of eigenvalues. In the first case, the coalescence causes a defect of the Hilbert space. In the second case, this is not so as shown in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-08 I. Rotter

Exceptional points play a pivotal role in the topology of non-Hermitian systems, and significant advances have been made in classifying exceptional points and exploring the associated phenomena. Exceptional surfaces, which are hypersurfaces…

Materials Science · Physics 2022-09-08 Hongwei Jia , Ruo-Yang Zhang , Jing Hu , Yixin Xiao , Yifei Zhu , C. T. Chan

Exceptional points (EPs) are non-Hermitian singularities associated with the coalescence of individual eigenvectors accompanied by the degeneracy of their complex energies. Here, we report the discovery of a generalization to the concept of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Zhen Li , Xulong Wang , Rundong Cai , Kenji Shimomura , Congwei Lu , Zhesen Yang , Masatoshi Sato , Guancong Ma

Exceptional points are interesting physical phenomena in non-Hermitian physics at which the eigenvalues are degenerate and the eigenvectors coalesce. In this paper, we find that the universal feature of arbitrary non-Hermitian two level…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-25 X. R. Wang , F. Yang , X. J. Yu , X. Q. Tong , S. P. Kou

We consider a generalization of the non-Hermitian ${\mathcal PT}$ symmetric Jaynes-Cummings {Hamiltonian, recently introduced for studying optical phenomena with time-dependent physical parameters, that includes environment-induced decay}.…

Non-Hermitian (NH) systems can display exceptional topological defects without Hermitian counterparts, exemplified by exceptional rings in NH two-dimensional systems. However, exceptional topological features associated with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Shou-Bang Yang , Pei-Rong Han , Wen Ning , Fan Wu , Zhen-Biao Yang , Shi-Biao Zheng

Exceptional points (EPs) are degeneracy of non-Hermitian Hamiltonians, at which the eigenvalues, along with their eigenvectors, coalesce. Their orders are given by the Jordan decomposition. Here, we focus on higher-order EPs arising in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-18 Kang Yang , Ipsita Mandal

Degeneracy (exceptional) points embedded in energy band are distinct by their topological features. We report different hybrid two-state coalescences (EP2s) formed through merging two EP2s with opposite chiralities that created from the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-01-28 L. Jin , H. C. Wu , Bo-Bo Wei , Z. Song

Higher-order exceptional points (EPs) in non-Hermitian systems showcase diverse physical phenomena but require more parameter space freedom or symmetries. It leads to a challenge for the exploration of high-order EP geometries in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Hao Chen , Xiao Qin , Jian-Jun Dong , Yu-Yu Zhang , Zi-Xiang Hu

Exceptional points are universal level degeneracies induced by non-Hermiticity. Whereas past decades witnessed their new physics, the unified understanding has yet to be obtained. Here we present the complete classification of generic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-08-13 Kohei Kawabata , Takumi Bessho , Masatoshi Sato

The coalescence of eigenstates is a unique phenomena in non-Hermitian systems. Remarkably, it has been noticed in some non-Hermitian systems under open boundary conditions that the whole set of eigenstates can coalesce to only a few…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-11-15 Shu-Xuan Wang , Zhongbo Yan
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