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We establish a duality for two factorization questions, one for general positive definite (p.d) kernels $K$, and the other for Gaussian processes, say $V$. The latter notion, for Gaussian processes is stated via Ito-integration. Our…

Given an action of an affine algebraic group with only trivial characters on a factorial variety, we ask for categorical quotients. We characterize existence in the category of algebraic varieties. Moreover, allowing constructible sets as…

Given a fixed sigma-finite measure space $\left(X,\mathscr{B},\nu\right)$, we shall study an associated family of positive definite kernels $K$. Their factorizations will be studied with view to their role as covariance kernels of a variety…

This paper is devoted to the study of the relative Lipschitz saturation of complex algebraic varieties. More precisely, we investigate the concept of Lipschitz saturation of a variety in another, and we focus on the case where the dominant…

Fix a number field k. We prove that if there is an algorithm for deciding whether a smooth projective geometrically integral k-variety has a k-point, then there is an algorithm for deciding whether an arbitrary k-variety has a k-point and…

We consider a weighted family of $n$ parallelly transported hyperplanes in a $k$-dimensioinal affine space and describe the characteristic variety of the Gauss-Manin differential equations for associated hypergeometric integrals. The…

Many statistical models are algebraic in that they are defined by polynomial constraints or by parameterizations that are polynomial or rational maps. This opens the door for tools from computational algebraic geometry. These tools can be…

We consider general Gaussian latent tree models in which the observed variables are not restricted to be leaves of the tree. Extending related recent work, we give a full semi-algebraic description of the set of covariance matrices of any…

A kind of motivic algebra of spectral categories and modules over them is developed to introduce K-motives of algebraic varieties. As an application, bivariant algebraic K-theory as well as bivariant motivic kohomology groups are defined…

In this article, we show that a flat morphism of $k$-varieties ($\mathop{\mathrm{char}} k=0$) with locally constant geometric fibers becomes finite \'etale after reduction. When $k$ is a real closed field, we prove that such a morphism…

We seek to determine a real algebraic variety from a fixed finite subset of points. Existing methods are studied and new methods are developed. Our focus lies on aspects of topology and algebraic geometry, such as dimension and defining…

The mathematics of linear fits is presented in covariant form. Topics include: correlated data, covariance matrices, joint fits to multiple data sets, constraints, and extension of the formalism to non-linear fits. A brief summary at the…

We establish three results dealing with the character varieties of finitely generated groups. The first two are concerned with the behavior of $\dim X_n(\Gamma)$ as a function of $n$, and the third addresses the problem of realizing a…

We study families of linear spaces in projective space whose union is a proper subvariety X of the expected dimension. We establish relations between configurations of focal points and existence or non-existence of a fixed tangent space to…

Let $A$ be an associative algebra graded by a finite group $G$ over a field ${F}$ of characteristic zero. One associates to $A$ the sequence of $G$-graded codimensions $c_n^G(A)$, $n=1,2,\ldots$, which measures the growth of the polynomial…

Functional equations satisfied by additive functions have a special interest not only in the theory of functional equations, but also in the theory of (commutative) algebra because the fundamental notions such as derivations and…

Pearson's chi-squared test is widely used to test the goodness of fit between categorical data and a given discrete distribution function. When the number of sets of the categorical data, say $k$, is a fixed integer, Pearson's chi-squared…

New and old results on closed polynomials, i.e., such polynomials f in K[x_1,...,x_n] that the subalgebra K[f] is integrally closed in K[x_1,...,x_n], are collected. Using some properties of closed polynomials we prove the following…

We develop a factor analysis for mixed continuous and binary observed variables. To this end, we utilized a recently developed multivariate probability distribution for mixed-type random variables, the Gaussian-Grassmann distribution. In…

This thesis is concerned with studying the properties of gradings on several examples of cluster algebras, primarily of infinite type. We first consider two finite type cases: $B_n$ and $C_n$, completing a classification by Grabowski for…