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The Pauli operators (tensor products of Pauli matrices) provide a complete basis of operators on the Hilbert space of N qubits. We prove that the set of 4^N-1 Pauli operators may be partitioned into 2^N+1 distinct subsets, each consisting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jay Lawrence , Caslav Brukner , Anton Zeilinger

We present three different matrix bases that can be used to decompose density matrices of $d$--dimensional quantum systems, so-called qudits: the \emph{generalized Gell-Mann matrix basis}, the \emph{polarization operator basis}, and the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Reinhold A. Bertlmann , Philipp Krammer

We present three different matrix bases that can be used to decompose density matrices of d--dimensional quantum systems, so-called qudits: the generalized Gell-Mann matrix basis, the polarization operator basis, and the Weyl operator…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Reinhold A. Bertlmann , Philipp Krammer

Spin bases of relevance for quantum systems with cyclic symmetry as well as for quantum information and quantum computation are constructed from the theory of angular momentum. This approach is connected to the use of generalized Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-21 Maurice R. Kibler

Quantum computing with qudits, quantum systems with $d > 2$ levels, offers a powerful extension beyond qubits, expanding the computational possibilities of quantum systems, allowing the simplification of the implementation of several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-10 Francesco Pudda , Mario Chizzini , Luca Crippa

Qudits naturally correspond to multi-level quantum systems, which offer an efficient route towards quantum information processing, but their reliability is contingent upon quantum error correction capabilities. In this paper, we present a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-04 Robert Frederik Uy , Dorian A. Gangloff

A set of generators of generalized Pauli matrices play a crucial role in quantum computation based on n level systems of an atom. In this paper we show how to construct them by making use of Rabi oscillations. We also construct the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kazuyuki Fujii

Given a remarkable representation of the generalized Pauli operators of two-qubits in terms of the points of the generalized quadrangle of order two, W(2), it is shown that specific subsets of these operators can also be associated with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-13 Metod Saniga , Michel Planat , Petr Pracna , Hans Havlicek

Analogous to the notion of mutually unbiased bases for Hilbert spaces, we consider mutually unbiased unitary bases (MUUB) for the space of operators, $M(d, \mathbb{C})$, acting on such Hilbert spaces. The notion of MUUB reflects the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-21 Rinie N. M. Nasir , Jesni Shamsul Shaari , Stefano Mancini

Several linear algebra routines for quantum computing use a basis of tensor products of identity and Pauli operators to describe linear operators, and obtaining the coordinates for any given linear operator from its matrix representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-19 Daniel Gunlycke , Mark C. Palenik , Alex R. Emmert , Sean A. Fischer

The finite entropy of black holes suggests that local regions of spacetime are described by finite-dimensional factors of Hilbert space, in contrast with the infinite-dimensional Hilbert spaces of quantum field theory. With this in mind, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-04-27 Ashmeet Singh , Sean M. Carroll

We introduce a point-line incidence geometry in which the commutation relations of the real Pauli group of multiple qubits are fully encoded. Its points are pairs of Pauli operators differing in sign and each line contains three pairwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-20 Péter Vrana , Péter Lévay

The purpose of this paper is to introduce techniques of obtaining optimal ways to determine a d-level quantum state or distinguish such states. It entails designing constrained elementary measurements extracted from maximal abelian subsets…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-28 S. Chaturvedi , Sibasish Ghosh , K. R. Parthasarathy , Ajit Iqbal Singh

We describe criteria for implementation of quantum computation in qudits. A qudit is a d-dimensional system whose Hilbert space is spanned by states |0>, |1>,... |d-1>. An important earlier work of Mathukrishnan and Stroud [1] describes how…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Gavin K. Brennen , Dianne P. O'Leary , Stephen S. Bullock

Simulating quantum computation on a classical computer is a difficult problem. The matrices representing quantum gates, and the vectors modeling qubit states grow exponentially with an increase in the number of qubits. However, by using a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 George F. Viamontes , Igor L. Markov , John P. Hayes

We discuss characterization of experimental quantum gates by the error matrix, which is similar to the standard process matrix $\chi$ in the Pauli basis, except the desired unitary operation is factored out, by formally placing it either…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-06 Alexander N. Korotkov

The quon algebra is an approach to particle statistics in order to provide a theory in which the Pauli exclusion principle and Bose statistics are violated by a small amount. The quons are particles whose annihilation and creation operators…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-09 Hery Randriamaro

Relativistic quantum systems that admit scattering experiments are quantitatively described by effective field theories, where $S$-matrix kinematics and symmetry considerations are encoded in the operator spectrum of the EFT. In this paper…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-11-22 Brian Henning , Xiaochuan Lu , Tom Melia , Hitoshi Murayama

In this paper we use the framework of generalized probabilistic theories to present two sets of basic assumptions, called axioms, for which we show that they lead to the Hilbert space formulation of quantum mechanics. The key results in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-06-29 Gianni Cassinelli , Pekka Lahti

Gr\"obner bases can be used for computing the Hilbert basis of a numerical submonoid. By using these techniques, we provide an algorithm that calculates a basis of a subspace of a finite-dimensional vector space over a finite prime field…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-03-27 Natalia Dück , Karl-Heinz Zimmermann