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Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are found in the centers of massive galaxies, and galaxy mergers should eventually lead to SMBH mergers. Quasar activity has long been associated with galaxy mergers, so here we investigate if supermassive…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-16 J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Jenny E. Greene , Andy D. Goulding , Siyuan Chen , Jonathan R. Trump

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries are expected in a Lambda CDM cosmology given that most (if not all) massive galaxies contain a massive black hole at their center. So far, however, direct evidence for such binaries has been elusive.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Wenhua Ju , Jenny E. Greene , Roman R. Rafikov , Steven J. Bickerton , Carles Badenes

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will be capable of detecting gravitational waves (GWs) in the milli-Hertz band. Among various sources, LISA will detect the coalescence of supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). Accurate and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-25 Abhishek Sharma , Anand S. Sengupta , Suvodip Mukherjee

Wide, highly eccentric ($e>0.9$) compact binaries can naturally arise as progenitors of gravitational wave (GW) mergers. These systems are expected to have a significant population in the mHz band (e.g., $\sim 3-45$ detectable stellar-mass…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-28 Zeyuan Xuan , Smadar Naoz , Alvin K. Y. Li , Bence Kocsis , Erik Petigura , Alan M. Knee , Jess McIver , Kyle Kremer , Will M. Farr

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), due for launch in the mid 2030s, is expected to observe gravitational waves (GW)s from merging massive black hole binaries (MBHB)s. These signals can last from days to months, depending on the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-06 Connor R. Weaving , Laura K. Nuttall , Ian W. Harry , Shichao Wu , Alexander Nitz

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) may eventually be able to detect not only the stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background of SMBH binaries, but also individual, particularly massive binaries whose signals stick out above the background. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Takamitsu L. Tanaka , Zoltán Haiman

Recent improved determinations of the mass density rho_BH of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in the local universe have allowed accurate comparisons of rho_BH with the amount of light received from past quasar activity. These comparisons…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Kristen Menou , Zoltan Haiman

We propose a novel method for observing the gravitational wave signature of super-massive black hole (SMBH) mergers. This method is based on detection of a specific type of gravitational waves, namely gravitational wave burst with memory…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-02-28 M. S. Pshirkov , D. Baskaran , K. A. Postnov

The LIGO/Virgo gravitational-wave (GW) interferometers have to-date detected ten merging black hole (BH) binaries, some with masses considerably larger than had been anticipated. Stellar-mass BH binaries at the high end of the observed mass…

First, we verify that the physical parameters estimated for the four directly detected gravitational wave (GW) events involving coalescence of binary black holes (BHs) indeed uphold the second law of BH thermodynamics, strengthening further…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-02-08 Patrick Das Gupta , Fazlu Rahman

The Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) will detect gravitational-wave (GW) signals from merging supermassive black holes (BHs) with masses below $10^7$~M$_{\odot}$. It is thus of paramount importance to understand the orbital…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-12-05 Fazeel M. Khan , Pedro R. Capelo , Lucio Mayer , Peter Berczik

Supermassive black holes are commonly found in the center of galaxies and evolve with their hosts. The supermassive binary black holes (SMBBH) are thus expected to exist in close galaxy pairs, however, none has been unequivocally detected.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 Yi Feng , Di Li , Zheng Zheng , Chao-Wei Tsai

Stellar-mass black-hole binaries are the most numerous gravitational-wave sources observed to date. Their properties make them suitable for observation both by ground- and space-based detectors. Starting from synthetic catalogues…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-29 R. Buscicchio , J. Torrado , C. Caprini , G. Nardini , N. Karnesis , M. Pieroni , A. Sesana

In the 2030s, a new era of gravitational-wave (GW) observations will dawn as multiple space-based GW detectors, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, Taiji and TianQin, open the millihertz window for GW astronomy. These detectors…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-07 Wen-Hong Ruan , He Wang , Chang Liu , Zong-Kuan Guo

The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) by ground-based laser interferometer GW observatories (LIGO/Virgo) reveals a population of stellar binary black holes (sBBHs) with (total) masses up to $\sim 150M_\odot$, which are potential…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-02-01 Ju Chen , Changshuo Yan , Youjun Lu , Yuetong Zhao , Junqiang Ge

We model the electromagnetic emission signatures of massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) with an associated gas component. The method comprises numerical simulations of relativistic binaries and gas coupled with calculations of the physical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Tamara Bogdanovic , Britton D. Smith , Michael Eracleous , Steinn Sigurdsson

The first discovery of the gravitational wave (GW) event, GW150914, suggests a higher merger rate of black-hole (BH) binaries. If this is true, a number of BH binaries will be observed via the second-generation GW detectors, and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-13 Toshiya Namikawa , Atsushi Nishizawa , Atsushi Taruya

The formation, merging, and accretion history of massive black holes along the hierarchical build--up of cosmic structures leaves a unique imprint on the background of gravitational waves at mHz frequencies. We study here, by means of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Alberto Sesana , Marta Volonteri , Francesco Haardt

We assess the effects of super-massive black hole (SMBH) environments on the gravitational-wave (GW) signal from binary SMBHs. To date, searches with pulsar timing arrays for GWs from binary SMBHs, in the frequency band $\sim1-100$\,nHz,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 V. Ravi , J. S. B. Wyithe , R. M. Shannon , G. Hobbs , R. N. Manchester