Related papers: A Thermodynamic Classification of Real Numbers
It is shown that Tsallis' generalized statistics provides a natural frame for the statistical-thermodynamical description of anomalous diffusion. Within this generalized theory, a maximum-entropy formalism makes it possible to derive a…
Upon a consistent topological statistical theory the application of structural statistics requires a quantification of the proximity structure of model spaces. An important tool to study these structures are Pseudo-Riemannian metrices,…
The idea of using measure theoretic concepts to investigate the size of number theoretic sets, originating with E. Borel, has been used for nearly a century. It has led to the development of the theory of metrical Diophantine approximation,…
In two dimensions, Gallagher's theorem is a strengthening of the Littlewood conjecture that holds for almost all pairs of real numbers. We prove an inhomogeneous fibre version of Gallagher's theorem, sharpening and making unconditional a…
Motivated by rigorous development in the theory of digamma functions, we have first derived some new identities for the digamma function, and then computed the values of digamma function for the fractional orders using these identities…
We show how statistical thermodynamics can be formulated in situations in which thermodynamics applies, while equilibrium statistical mechanics does not. A typical case is, in the words of Landau and Lifshitz, that of partial (or…
This article is devoted to Feller's diffusion equation which arises naturally in probabilities and physics (e.g. wave turbulence theory). If discretized naively, this equation may represent serious numerical difficulties since the diffusion…
In this paper we consider continued fraction (CF) expansions on intervals different from $[0,1]$. For every $x$ in such interval we find a CF expansion with a finite number of possible digits. Using the natural extension, the density of the…
On the basis of information theory, a new formalism of classical non-relativistic mechanics of a mass point is proposed. The particle trajectories of a general dynamical system defined on an (1+n)-dimensional smooth manifold are treated…
The intuition that a long history is required for the emergence of complexity in natural systems is formalized using the notion of depth. The depth of a system is defined in terms of the number of parallel computational steps needed to…
A new elementary proof of the prime number theorem presented recently in the framework of a scale invariant extension of the ordinary analysis is re-examined and clarified further. Both the formalism and proof are presented in a much more…
In this paper we study the distribution of the real algebraic numbers. Given an interval $I$, a positive integer $n$ and $Q>1$, define the counting function $\Phi_n(Q;I)$ to be the number of algebraic numbers in $I$ of degree $n$ and height…
The deep connection between thermodynamics, computation, and information is now well established both theoretically and experimentally. Here, we extend these ideas to show that thermodynamics also places fundamental constraints on…
Based on the theory of Fermat reals we introduce new topologies on spaces of Colombeau generalized points and derive some of their fundamental properties. In particular, we obtain metric topologies on the space of near-standard generalized…
The well known theorems of Khintchine and Jarn\'ik in metric Diophantine approximation provide comprehensive description of the measure theoretic properties of real numbers approximable by rational numbers with a given error. Various…
Continued fraction expansions provide a well-established bridge between algebraic properties of numbers and combinatorics on words. In this article, we investigate the algebraicity of $p$-adic numbers whose continued fractions arise from…
We prove that the Littlewood conjecture is satisfied for a restricted class of pairs $(\alpha,\beta)$ of badly approximable numbers. We use the localization of the roots of a cubic equation with coefficients depending on the diophantine…
Statistical analysis is used throughout biomedical research and elsewhere to assess strength of evidence. We have previously argued that typical outcome statistics (including p-values and maximum likelihood ratios) have poor…
In the present work, we investigate real numbers whose sequence of partial quotients enjoys some combinatorial properties involving the notion of palindrome. We provide three new transendence criteria, that apply to a broad class of…
Statistical thermodynamics delivers the probability distribution of the equilibrium state of matter through the constrained maximization of a special functional, entropy. Its elegance and enormous success have led to numerous attempts to…