Related papers: Emile Borel's difficult days in 1941
In 1990, Germany began the reunification of two separate research systems. In this study, we explore the factors predicting the East-West integration of academic fields by examining the evolution of Germany's co-authorship network between…
In 1760, Leonhard Euler began to write beautiful Letters to a German Princess on Diverse Subjects of Physics and Philosophy. Much has been written about Euler and his work, but we wonder, who was the princess? How did she become involved…
The year 2023 marks three anniversaries: the 150th anniversary of the French Physical Society, the 100th anniversary since the publication of Louis de Broglie's articles (the first fundamental articles of Quantum Mechanics) and the 50th…
In this paper we consider Montevideo's liberal progressive atmosphere towards the end of the nineteenth century and, within it, the trajectory of young science student Enrique Loedel Palumbo. We discuss some of his activities in Argentina,…
Personal recollections about Alexandre Grothendieck and early days of his theory of motives
This is a companion to a paper by the authors entitled "G\"odel's natural deduction", which presented and made comments about the natural deduction system in G\"odel's unpublished notes for the elementary logic course he gave at the…
The results of the National High School Examination (ENEM) are an important tool for a diagnosis of educational deficiencies at the end of a training cycle. This exam is a relevant source of data for the evaluation of what is learned by…
On January 4, 2012, the centenary of Henri Poincar\'e's death, a colloquium was held in Nancy, France the subject of which was "Vers une biographie d'Henri Poincar\'e". Scholars discussed several approaches for writing a biography of…
After the end of World War II, the commitment to confine scientific activities in universities and research institutions to peaceful and civilian purposes has entered, in the form of {\it Civil Clauses}, the charters of many research…
This note is by no means a comprehensive study of Minkowski's space-time formalism of special relativity. The mathematician, Hermann Minkowski was Einstein's former mathematics professor at the Z\"urich Polytechnic. During his studies at…
In France, the first year of study at university is usually abbreviated L1 (for premiere annee de Licence). At Sorbonne Paris Nord University, we have been teaching an 18 hour introductory course in formal proofs to L1 students for 3 years.…
The support of Copenhagen quantum mechanics in the discussion concerning EPR experiments has been based fundamentally on two mistakes. First, quantum mechanics as well as hidden-variable theory give the same predictions; the statement of…
The remarkable recent experiments on ensembles of magnetically trapped ultracold alkali atoms have demonstrated the transition to a highly ordered phase, that has been attributed to the process of quantum-mechanical condensation, predicted…
This paper presents correspondence between Albert Einstein and the mathematical analyst J. L. B. Cooper on the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) paradox of quantum theory published in 1935. Two letters written by Cooper, and the replies from…
This paper presents high-resolution images of the original document of the 24 February 1616 condemnation of the Copernican system, as being "foolish and absurd in philosophy", by a team of consultants for the Roman Inquisition. Secondary…
Experiments may not reveal their full import at the time that they are performed. The scientists who perform them usually are testing a specific hypothesis and quite often have specific expectations limiting the possible inferences that can…
Recent lab experiments by Traulsen et al. for the spatial prisoner's dilemma suggest that exploratory behavior of human subjects prevents cooperation through neighborhood interactions over experimentally accessible time spans. This…
This article presents the results of the first survey conducted in Belgium about the interest and knowledge in astronomy. Two samples were studied, the public at large (667 questionnaires) and students (2589 questionnaires), but the results…
In order to facilitate historical research in logic, we provide an english translation of a french article by Cha{\"i}m Perelman, called 'L'antinomie de M. G{\"o}del', published in the Bulletins de l'Acad{\'e}mie royale de Belgique in 1936.
The piling up of a macroscopic fraction of noninteracting bosons in the lowest energy state of a system at very low temperatures is known as Bose-Einstein condensation. It took nearly 70 years to observe the condensate after their…