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We present several cases of optical observations during gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) which resulted in prompt limits but no detection of optical emission. These limits constrain the prompt optical flux densities and the optical brightness…

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) comprise of short, bright, energetic flashes of emission from extragalactic sources followed by a longer afterglow phase of decreased brightness. Recent discoveries of very-high-energy (VHE, $\gtrsim 100$ GeV)…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-12 Monica Barnard , Soebur Razzaque , Jagdish C. Joshi

We study high-energy gamma-ray afterglow emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) in the prior emission model, which is proposed to explain the plateau phase of the X-ray afterglow. This model predicts the high-energy gamma-ray emission when…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-04-23 Kohta Murase , Kenji Toma , Ryo Yamazaki , Shigehiro Nagataki , Kunihito Ioka

Synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) process in the reverse shocks of gamma-ray bursts is suggested to be responsible for the observed prompt high-energy gamma-ray emissions from several gamma-ray bursts. We find that the SSC emission from the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 X. Y. Wang , Z. G. Dai , T. Lu

We aim to obtain a measure of the curvature of time-resolved spectra that can be compared directly to theory. This tests the ability of models such as synchrotron emission to explain the peaks or breaks of GBM prompt emission spectra. We…

Prompt optical emission from the $\gamma$-ray burst of GRB 041219A has been reported by Vestrand et al. There was a fast rise of optical emission simultaneous with the dominant $\gamma$-ray pulse, and a tight correlation with the prompt…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Zheng Zheng , Ye Lu , Yong-Heng Zhao

High-energy photons emitted from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are subject to pair-production interactions with lower energy photons, leading to an effective optical depth. In this Letter, we estimate the opacity resulting from photon fields…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2010-11-02 Rudy C. Gilmore , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are the most luminous explosions in the Universe and are powered by ultra-relativistic jets. Their prompt $\gamma$-ray emission briefly outshines the rest of the $\gamma$-ray sky making them detectable from…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-06-07 Ramandeep Gill , Jonathan Granot

The MeV spectral peak of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is best explained as photospheric emission from a dissipative relativistic jet. The observed non-blackbody spectrum shows that sub-photospheric dissipation involves both thermal plasma…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-11-07 Christoffer Lundman , Indrek Vurm , Andrei M. Beloborodov

Long-duration GRBs are the most luminous sources of electromagnetic radiation known in the Universe. Their initial prompt flashes of MeV gamma rays are followed by longer-lasting afterglow emission from radio waves to GeV gamma rays.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-08 Razmik Mirzoyan

Gamma-ray burst (GRB) 221009A produced the highest flux of gigaelectronvolt-teraelectronvolt ($\rm GeV-TeV$) photons ever observed, allowing the construction of a detailed $\rm TeV$ light curve. We focus on explaining the noticeable dip in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-12-11 Duan-yuan Gao , Yuan-Chuan Zou

Very high energy photons from cosmological gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are expected to interact with extragalactic background light (EBL) and produce electron-positron pairs when they propagate through intergalactic medium (IGM). These…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-04-08 Ze-Rui Wang , Shao-Qiang Xi , Ruo-Yu Liu , Rui Xue , Xiang-Yu Wang

The detection of GRB 180722B and GRB 190114C in sub-TeV gamma-rays has opened up a new window to study gamma-ray bursts in high energy gamma-rays. Recently it is shown that the synchrotron and inverse Compton processes are responsible for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-10 Sarira Sahu , Carlos E. Lopez Fortin

We consider the emission within the fireball model framework of very high energy, ~1 GeV to >1 TeV photons, on a minute time scale, during the onset of fireball deceleration due to interaction with surrounding medium. Our time dependent…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Asaf Pe'er , Eli Waxman

Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are the most energetic electromagnetic explosions in the universe. Recently, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) reported the breakthrough observation of GRB 221009A with gamma-ray energies beyond…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-10 Yunlei Huang , Sujie Lin , Soebur Razzaque , Lili Yang , Zijie Huang

It has recently been proposed that ultrahigh energy ($\gtrsim 10^{19}$ eV) cosmic rays (UHECRs) are accelerated by the blast waves associated with GRBs. We calculate the observed synchrotron radiation spectrum from protons and energetic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 M. Boettcher , C. D. Dermer

The Fermi-LAT collaboration presented the second gamma-ray burst (GRB) catalog covering its first 10 years of operations. A significant fraction of afterglow-phase light curves in this catalog cannot be explained by the closure relations of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-06 N. Fraija , T. Laskar , S. Dichiara , P. Beniamini , R. Barniol Duran , M. G. Dainotti , R. L. Becerra

The extremely bright optical flash that accompanied GRB 080319B suggested, at first glance, that the prompt $\gamma$-rays in this burst were produced by Synchrotron self Compton (SSC). We analyze here the observed optical and $\gamma$…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Y. C. Zou , T. Piran , R. Sari

The paradigm for GRB prompt emission is changing. Since early in the CGRO era, the empirical Band function has been considered a good description of the keV-MeV spectra although its shape is very often inconsistent with the predictions of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-03-16 S. Guiriec , M. M. Gonzalez , J. R. Sacahui , C. Kouveliotou , N. Gehrels , J. McEnery

The radiation physics of bright prompt optical emission of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) remains a puzzle. Assuming that the GRB ejecta is structured, we investigated this issue by characterizing the ejecta as an ultra-relativistic uniform jet…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-12 Zi-Qi Wang , Xiao-Li Huang , En-Wei Liang