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In many real world applications, data cannot be accurately represented by vectors. In those situations, one possible solution is to rely on dissimilarity measures that enable sensible comparison between observations. Kohonen's…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-09-24 Brieuc Conan-Guez , Fabrice Rossi , Aïcha El Golli

The Self-Organizing Map (SOM) with its related extensions is the most popular artificial neural algorithm for use in unsupervised learning, clustering, classification and data visualization. Over 5,000 publications have been reported in the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Marie Cottrell , Michel Verleysen

Self organizing maps (SOMs) are widely-used for unsupervised classification. For this application, they must be combined with some partitioning scheme that can identify boundaries between distinct regions in the maps they produce. We…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2008-02-07 Paul R. Gazis , Jeffrey D. Scargle

Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) are a classical method for unsupervised learning, vector quantization, and topographic mapping of high-dimensional data. However, existing SOM formulations often involve a trade-off between computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Seiki Ubukata , Akira Notsu , Katsuhiro Honda

Kohonen Maps, aka. Self-organizing maps (SOMs) are neural networks that visualize a high-dimensional feature space on a low-dimensional map. While SOMs are an excellent tool for data examination and exploration, they inherently cause a loss…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Simon Linke , Tim Ziemer

The growing amount of data produced by simulations and observations of space physics processes encourages the use of methods rooted in Machine Learning for data analysis and physical discovery. We apply a clustering method based on…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-04-27 Sophia Köhne , Elisabetta Boella , Maria Elena Innocenti

Results of neural network learning are always subject to some variability, due to the sensitivity to initial conditions, to convergence to local minima, and, sometimes more dramatically, to sampling variability. This paper presents a set of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Eric De Bodt , Marie Cottrell , Michel Verleysen

Probability density function (PDF) based turbulent combustion modelling is limited by the need to store multi-dimensional PDF tables that can take up large amounts of memory. A significant saving in storage can be achieved by using various…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Rishikesh Ranade , Genong Li , Shaoping Li , Tarek Echekki

Self-Organizing Maps are commonly used for unsupervised learning purposes. This paper is dedicated to the certain modification of SOM called SOMN (Self-Organizing Mixture Networks) used as a mechanism for representing grayscale digital…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-08-19 Patryk Filipiak

We propose a unified view on two widely used data visualization techniques: Self-Organizing Maps (SOMs) and Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (SNE). We show that they can both be derived from a common mathematical framework. Leveraging this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Thibaut Kulak , Anthony Fillion , François Blayo

Self-Organising Maps (SOM) are Artificial Neural Networks used in Pattern Recognition tasks. Their major advantage over other architectures is human readability of a model. However, they often gain poorer accuracy. Mostly used metric in SOM…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-07-07 Piotr Płoński , Krzysztof Zaremba

We present a new regression model for the determination of parton distribution functions (PDF) using techniques inspired from deep learning projects. In the context of the NNPDF methodology, we implement a new efficient computing framework…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-09-04 Stefano Carrazza , Juan Cruz-Martinez

We discuss the current minimisation strategies adopted by research projects involving the determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs) and fragmentation functions (FFs) through the training of neural networks. We present a short…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-11-29 Stefano Carrazza , Nathan P. Hartland

There has been an increasing interest in semi-supervised learning in the recent years because of the great number of datasets with a large number of unlabeled data but only a few labeled samples. Semi-supervised learning algorithms can work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Pedro H. M. Braga , Hansenclever F. Bassani

Self-Organizing Map algorithms have been used for almost 40 years across various application domains such as biology, geology, healthcare, industry and humanities as an interpretable tool to explore, cluster and visualize high-dimensional…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Florent Forest , Mustapha Lebbah , Hanane Azzag , Jérôme Lacaille

Self-organising maps are a powerful tool for cluster analysis in a wide range of data contexts. From the pioneer work of Kohonen, many variants and improvements have been proposed. This review focuses on the last decade, in order to provide…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Axel Guérin , Pierre Chauvet , Frédéric Saubion

Backpropagation-based supervised learning has achieved great success in computer vision tasks. However, its biological plausibility is always controversial. Recently, the bio-inspired Hebbian learning rule (HLR) has received extensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Jiahong Zhang , Lihong Cao , Moning Zhang , Wenlong Fu

This paper proposes schemes for automated and weighted Self-Organizing Time Maps (SOTMs). The SOTM provides means for a visual approach to evolutionary clustering, which aims at producing a sequence of clustering solutions. This task we…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-11-25 Peter Sarlin

Doors are important landmarks for indoor mobile robot navigation and also assist blind people to independently access unfamiliar buildings. Most existing algorithms of door detection are limited to work for familiar environments because of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-01-04 F. Mahmood , F. Kunwar

Self-Organizing Map (SOM) is a promising tool for exploring large multi-dimensional data sets. It is quick and convenient to train in an unsupervised fashion and, as an outcome, it produces natural clusters of data patterns. An example of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Lukasz Wyrzykowski , Vasily Belokurov