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Related papers: Atmospheric Escape from Hot Jupiters

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Hot Jupiters are typically considered to be tidally locked due to their short orbital periods. The extreme irradiation can result in atmospheric species becoming thermally ionized on the dayside, which then interact with the planet's…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-07 Hayley Beltz , Willow Houck , Laura C. Mayorga , Thaddeus D. Komacek , Joseph R. Livesey , Juliette Becker

Mass loss rates for the tenuous, hot winds of cool stars are extremely difficult to measure, yet they are a crucial ingredient in the stars' rotational evolution. We present a new method for measuring these mass loss rates in young,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-06 Moira Jardine , Andrew Collier Cameron

Lyman $\alpha$ observations of the transiting exoplanet HD 209458b enable the study of exoplanets exospheres exposed to stellar EUV fluxes, as well as the interacting stellar wind properties. In this study we present 3D hydrodynamical…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-17 A. Esquivel , M. Schneiter , C. Villarreal D'Angelo , M. A. Sgró , L. Krapp

Protoplanetary disks are found around young stars, and represent the embryonic stage of planetary systems. At different phases of their evolution, disks may undergo substantial mass-loss by photoevaporation: energetic photons from the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-24 Jason Champion

Escape of an early atmosphere from Titan, during which time NH3 could be converted by photolysis into the present N2 dominated atmosphere, is an important problem in planetary science. Recently Gilliam and Lerman (2014) estimated escape…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-03-16 Robert E Johnson , Orenthal J. Tucker , Alexey N. Volkov

Exoplanet searches have discovered a large number of 'hot Jupiters'--high-mass planets orbiting very close to their parent stars in nearly circular orbits. A number of these planets are sufficiently massive and close-in to be significantly…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-14 Michael Zhang , Kaloyan Penev

Photoevaporation is probably the main agent for gas dispersal during the last stages of protoplanetary disk evolution. However, the overall mass loss rate in the photoevaporative wind and its driving mechanism are still not well understood.…

Bathed in intense ionizing radiation, close-in gaseous planets undergo hydrodynamic atmospheric escape, which ejects the upper extent of their atmospheres into the interplanetary medium. Ultraviolet detections of escaping gas around…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-20 John R. McCann , Ruth A. Murray-Clay , Kaitlin Kratter , Mark R. Krumholz

The recent discovery of Jupiter-mass planets orbiting at a few AU from their stars compliments earlier detections of massive planets on very small orbits. The short period orbits strongly suggest that planet migration has occurred, with the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Isamu Matsuyama , Doug Johnstone , Norman Murray

Making use of the publicly available 1D photoionization hydrodynamics code ATES we set out to investigate the combined effects of planetary gravitational potential energy ($\phi_p\equiv GM_p/R_p$) and stellar X-ray and Extreme Ultraviolet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-07-27 Andrea Caldiroli , Francesco Haardt , Elena Gallo , Riccardo Spinelli , Isaac Malsky , Emily Rauscher

We generalize the problem of the semi-gray model to cases in which a non-negligible fraction of the stellar radiation falls on the long-wavelength range, and/or that the planetary long-wavelength emission penetrates into the transparent…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Nir J. Shaviv , Giora Shaviv , Rainer Wehrse

Stars can produce steady-state winds through radiative driving as long as the mechanical luminosity of the wind does not exceed the radiative luminosity at its base. This upper bound on the mass loss rate is known as the photon-tiring…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Allard Jan van Marle , Stanley P. Owocki , Nir J. Shaviv

The presence of radiatively driven outflows is well established in ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs). These outflows are optically thick and can reprocess a significant fraction of the accretion luminosity. Assuming isotropic emission,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-27 Matthew Middleton , Nick Higginbottom , Christian Knigge , Norman Khan , Grzegorz Wiktorowicz

Two-dimensional simulations of hot Jupiter upper atmospheres including the planet's magnetic field are presented. The goal is to explore magnetic effects on the layer of the atmosphere that is ionized and heated by stellar EUV radiation,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 George B. Trammell , Zhi-Yun Li , Phil Arras

A population of obscured supergiant High Mass X-ray Binaries (sgHMXBs) has been discovered by INTEGRAL. X-ray wind tomography of IGR J17252-3616 inferred a slow wind velocity to account for the enhanced obscuration. The main goal of this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2012-10-11 A. Manousakis , R. Walter , J. M. Blondin

Context. The heating efficiency is defined as the ratio of the net local gas-heating rate to the rate of stellar radiative energy absorption. It plays an important role in thermal-escape processes from the upper atmospheres of planets that…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-22 Valery I. Shematovich , Dmitry E. Ionov , Helmut Lammer

Traditionally stellar radiation has been the only heat source considered capable of determining global climate on long timescales. Here we show that terrestrial exoplanets orbiting low-mass stars may be tidally heated at high enough levels…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-04 Rory Barnes , Kristina Mullins , Colin Goldblatt , Victoria S. Meadows , James F. Kasting , Rene Heller

Hot Jupiters are giant planets on orbits a few hundredths of an AU. They do not share their system with low-mass close-in planets, despite these latter being exceedingly common. Two migration channels for hot Jupiters have been proposed:…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-06 Alexander J. Mustill , Melvyn B. Davies , Anders Johansen

The planet's mass loss is important for the planet's formation and evolution. The radius valley (RV) is believed to be triggered by evaporation-induced mass loss. As an alternative mechanism for the RV, the mass loss of post-impact planets…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-04-05 Wei Zhong , Cong Yu , Shi Jia , Shang-Fei Liu

H$_3^+$ emission is the dominant cooling mechanism in Jupiter's thermosphere and a useful probe of temperature and ion densities. The H$_3^+$ ion is predicted to form in the thermospheres of close-in `hot Jupiters' where its emission would…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Evgenya Shkolnik , Eric Gaidos , Nick Moskovitz