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Pulsar timing arrays are sensitive to gravitational waves from supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries at orbital separations of << 1pc. There is currently an observational paucity of such systems, although they are central figures in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Sarah Burke-Spolaor

We present the results of the first multi-scale N-Body+SPH simulations of merging galaxies containing central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and having a spatial resolution of only a few parsecs. Strong gas inflows associated with…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Lucio Mayer , Stelios Kazantzidis , Piero Madau , Monica Colpi , Thomas Quinn , James Wadsley

We study the orbital evolution and gravitational wave (GW) emission of supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries formed in gas-free mergers of massive early-type galaxies using the hybrid tree-regularized N-body code KETJU. The evolution of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-12-11 Matias Mannerkoski , Peter H. Johansson , Pauli Pihajoki , Antti Rantala , Thorsten Naab

Massive black holes (MBHs), with masses in the range 10^3-10^8 Msolar, which merge with a companion black hole of similar mass are expected to be the most powerful source of gravitational radiation in the frequency range probed by LISA. MBH…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Marta Volonteri

Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are productions of the hierarchical galaxy formation model. There are many close connections between central SMBH and its host galaxy because the former plays very important roles on the formation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-26 Shuo Li , F. K. Liu , Peter Berczik , Rainer Spurzem

I overview the current understanding of the evolution of massive black hole (MBH) binaries in the center of the host stellar system. One of the main questions is whether the stellar dynamical effect can make the MBH binary hard enough that…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Junichiro Makino

Galaxies with stellar bulges are generically observed to host supermassive black holes (SMBHs). The hierarchical merging of galaxies should therefore lead to the formation of SMBH binaries. Merging of old massive galaxies with little gas…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Loren Hoffman , Abraham Loeb

Binary black holes (BBH) are expected to form and merge in active galactic nuclei (AGN), deep in the potential well of a supermassive black hole (SMBH), from populations that exist in a nuclear star cluster (NSC). Here we investigate the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-19 Jake Postiglione , K. E. Saavik Ford , Henry Best , Barry McKernan , Matthew O'Dowd

We propose a machine learning-based approach for parameter estimation of Massive Black Hole Binaries (MBHBs), leveraging normalizing flows to approximate the likelihood function. By training these flows on simulated data, we can generate…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-18 Iván Martín Vílchez , Carlos F. Sopuerta

Understanding the formation and evolution of stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) requires a thorough investigation of the key physical processes involved. While one pathway involves the isolated evolution of massive binary stars,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-16 M. Paola Vaccaro

Space-based gravitational wave (GW) detectors are expected to detect the stellar-mass binary black holes (SBBHs) inspiralling in the low-frequency band, which exist in several years before the merger. Accurate GW waveforms in the inspiral…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-09 Jie Wu , Jin Li , Xiaolin Liu , Zhoujian Cao

Massive black hole binaries (MBHBs) are binary systems formed by black holes with mass exceeding millions of solar masses, expected to form and evolve in the nuclei of galaxies. The extreme compact nature of such objects determines a loud…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-26 Matteo Bonetti , Alessia Franchini , Bruno Giovanni Galuzzi , Alberto Sesana

Binary supermassive black hole (SMBH) systems result from galaxy mergers, and will eventually coalesce due to gravitational wave (GW) emission if the binary separation can be reduced to $\lesssim 0.1$ pc by other mechanisms. Here, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-03-17 Adam Ingram , Sara Motta , Suzanne Aigrain , Aris Karastergiou

[Abridged] In galactic nuclei with sufficiently short relaxation times, binary supermassive black holes can evolve beyond their stalling radii via continued interaction with stars. We study this "collisional" evolutionary regime using both…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Merritt , Seppo Mikkola , Andras Szell

We review recent progress in numerical relativity simulations of black-hole (BH) spacetimes. Following a brief summary of the methods employed in the modeling, we summarize the key results in three major areas of BH physics: (i) BHs as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-03-22 Ulrich Sperhake , Emanuele Berti , Vitor Cardoso

We present KETJU, a new extension of the widely-used smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulation code GADGET-3. The key feature of the code is the inclusion of algorithmically regularized regions around every supermassive black hole (SMBH).…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-05-10 Antti Rantala , Pauli Pihajoki , Peter H. Johansson , Thorsten Naab , Natalia Lahén , Till Sawala

A list of candidates for \textit{supermassive binary black holes} (SMBBHs), compiled from available data on the variability in the optical range and the shape of the emission spectrum, is analysed. An artificial neural network is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-10-10 A. M. Malinovsky , E. V. Mikheeva

We simulate mergers between galaxies containing collisionally-relaxed nuclei around massive black holes (MBHs). Our galaxies contain four mass groups, representative of old stellar populations; a primary goal is to understand the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 Alessia Gualandris , David Merritt

The dynamical evolution of binaries of intermediate-massive black holes (IMBHs, massive black holes with a mass ranging between $10^2$ and $10^4 M_{\odot}$) in stellar clusters has recently received an increasing amount of attention. This…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-13 Pau Amaro-Seoane , Christoph Eichhorn , Edward K. Porter , Rainer Spurzem

The gravitational wave signals of black hole-neutron star (BHNS) binary systems have now been detected, and future detections might be accompanied by electromagnetic counterparts. BHNS mergers involve much of the same physics as binary…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-04-24 Matthew D. Duez