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Related papers: Modeling Molecular Hydrogen and Star Formation in …

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Molecular hydrogen has an important role in the early stages of star formation as well as in the production of many other molecules that have been detected in the interstellar medium. In this review we show that it is now possible to study…

Star formation is observed to be strongly correlated to dense regions of molecular gas. Although the exact nature of the link between star formation and molecular hydrogen is still unclear, some have suggested that shielding of dense gas by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-02-13 Lindsey Byrne , Charlotte Christensen , Marios Tsekitsidis , Alyson Brooks , Tom Quinn

Stars in galaxies form in giant molecular clouds that coalesce when the atomic hydrogen is converted into molecules. There are currently two dominant models for what property of the galactic disk determines its molecular fraction: either…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Michele Fumagalli , Mark R. Krumholz , Leslie K. Hunt

Large-scale cosmological simulations of galaxy formation currently do not resolve the densities at which molecular hydrogen forms, implying that the atomic-to-molecular transition must be modeled either on the fly or in postprocessing. We…

Context: Molecular hydrogen ($\rm{H_2}$) is crucial in galaxy formation and evolution, serving as the main fuel for star formation (SF). In metal-enriched environments, $\rm{H_2}$ primarily forms on interstellar dust grain surfaces.…

We use a suite of hydrodynamics simulations of the interstellar medium (ISM) within a galactic disk, which include radiative transfer, a non-equilibrium model of molecular hydrogen, and a realistic model for star formation and feedback, to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-05-07 Ava Polzin , Andrey V. Kravtsov , Vadim A. Semenov , Nickolay Y. Gnedin

Star formation, together with the associated chemical and energy feedback, is one of the most important processes in galaxy evolution. The star formation activity in galaxies defines and affects many of their fundamental properties, such as…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-14 Ezequiel Lozano , Cecilia Scannapieco , Sebastian E. Nuza

Motivated by the observed connection between molecular hydrogen (H2) and star formation, we present a method for tracking the non-equilibrium abundance and cooling processes of H2 and H2-based star formation in Smoothed Particle…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Charlotte Christensen , Thomas Quinn , Fabio Governato , Adrienne Stilp , Sijing Shen , James Wadsley

Stars form within dense cores composed of both gas and dust within molecular clouds. However, despite the crucial role that dust plays in the star formation process, its dynamics is frequently overlooked, with the common assumption being a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-21 Nadine H. Soliman , Philip F. Hopkins , Michael Y. Grudić

We present a novel framework to self-consistently model the effects of radiation fields, dust physics and molecular chemistry (H$_2$) in the interstellar medium (ISM) of galaxies. The model combines a state-of-the-art radiation…

Gas in galactic disks is collected by gravitational instabilities into giant atomic-molecular complexes, but only the inner, molecular parts of these structures are able to collapse to form stars. Determining what controls the ratio of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Mark R. Krumholz , Christopher F. McKee , Jason Tumlinson

The formation of molecular clouds out of HI gas is the first step toward star formation. Its metallicity dependence plays a key role to determine star formation through the cosmic history. Previous theoretical studies with detailed chemical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-08-29 Masato I. N. Kobayashi , Kazunari Iwasaki , Kengo Tomida , Tsuyoshi Inoue , Kazuyuki Omukai , Kazuki Tokuda

Molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) plays a critical role in astrophysical processes from galaxy evolution to the formation of planets. While the dominant formation channel in the interstellar medium is considered as dust-catalyzed H$_2$ formation,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-17 Xiaolong Yang , Lile Wang , Di Li , Shenzhen Xu

Recent observations indicate that star formation occurs only in the molecular phase of a galaxy's interstellar medium. A realistic treatment of star formation in simulations and analytic models of galaxies therefore requires that one…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Mark R. Krumholz , Nickolay Y. Gnedin

We present a new model to describe the star formation process in galaxies, which includes the description of the different gas phases -- molecular, atomic, and ionized -- together with its metal content. The model, which will be coupled to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-14 Ezequiel Lozano , Cecilia Scannapieco , Sebastian E. Nuza

We study the formation of molecular hydrogen on dust grain surfaces and apply our results to the high redshift universe. We find that a range of physical parameters, in particular dust temperature and gas temperature, but not so much dust…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 S. Cazaux , M. Spaans

We study the connection of star formation to atomic (HI) and molecular hydrogen (H$_2$) in isolated, low metallicity dwarf galaxies with high-resolution ($m_{\rm gas}$ = 4 M$_\odot$, $N_{\rm ngb}$ = 100) SPH simulations. The model includes…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-23 Chia-Yu Hu , Thorsten Naab , Stefanie Walch , Simon C. O. Glover , Paul C. Clark

We present a detailed description of a phenomenological H2 formation model and local star formation prescription based on the density of molecular (rather than total) gas. Such approach allows us to avoid the arbitrary density and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-01-28 Nickolay Y. Gnedin , Andrey V. Kravtsov

The characterisation of the atomic and molecular hydrogen content of high-redshift galaxies is a major observational challenge that will be addressed over the coming years with a new generation of radio telescopes. We investigate this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-04-13 Alan R. Duffy , Scott T. Kay , Richard A. Battye , C. M. Booth , Claudio Dalla Vecchia , Joop Schaye

We introduce a dust model for cosmological simulations implemented in the moving-mesh code AREPO and present a suite of cosmological hydrodynamical zoom-in simulations to study dust formation within galactic haloes. Our model accounts for…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-02 Ryan McKinnon , Paul Torrey , Mark Vogelsberger
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