Related papers: Unparticle actions and gauge invariance
For D=4 theories of a single U(1) gauge field strength coupled to gravity and matters, we show that the electric-magnetic duality can be formulated as an invariance of the actions. The symmetry is associated with duality rotation acting…
Systematic approaches to building up gauge invariant descriptions of charged fields, such as electrons or quarks, are described. Physically relevant descriptions must then be singled out from a multiplicity of possibilities and to this end…
We find the generators of the fields of invariants of the coadjoint action of the unitriangular group on the basic varieties and basic cells. It is proved that the transcendental degree of the field of invariants on a basic cell coincides…
It is argued that the quadratic and linear non-commutative IR divergences that occur in U(1) theory on non-commutative Minkowski spacetime for small non-commutativity matrices $\theta^{\mu\nu}$ are gauge-fixing independent. This implies in…
We introduce topological gauge fields as nontrivial field configurations enforced by topological currents. These fields crucially determine the form of statistical gauge fields that couple to matter and transmute their statistics. We…
Physical systems may couple to other systems through variables that are not gauge invariant. When we split a gauge system into two subsystems, the gauge-invariant variables of the two subsystems have less information than the gauge…
We consider in detail the problem of gauge dependence that exists in relativistic perturbation theory, going beyond the linear approximation and treating second and higher order perturbations. We first derive some mathematical results…
Gauge-invariant quantum fields are constructed in an Abelian power-counting renormalizable gauge theory with both scalar, vector and fermionic matter content. This extends previous results already obtained for the gauge-invariant…
We present the results of a study of the gauge dependence of spacetime perturbations. In particular, we consider gauge invariance in general, we give a generating formula for gauge transformations to an arbitrary order n, and explicit…
The gauge-invariance properties and singularity elimination of the modified perturbation theory for QCD introduced in previous works, are investigated. The construction of the modified free propagators is generalized to include the…
An outline of a proof of the decomposition of linear metric perturbations into gauge-invariant and gauge-variant parts on the an arbitrary background spacetime which admits ADM decomposition is discussed. We explicitly construct the…
We extend our analysis for scalar fields in a Robertson-Walker metric to the electromagnetic field and Dirac fields by the method of invariants. The issue of the relation between conformal properties and particle production is re-examined…
Nonequilibrium calculations in the presence of an electric field are usually performed in a gauge, and need to be transformed to reveal the gauge-invariant observables. In this work, we discuss the issue of gauge invariance in the context…
The difficulties of perturbation theory associated with unstable fundamental fields (such as the lack of exact gauge invariance in each order) are cured if one constructs perturbative expansion directly for probabilities interpreted as…
We computationally study suspensions of slow and fast active Brownian particles that have undergone motility induced phase separation and are at steady state. Such mixtures, of varying non-zero activity, remain largely unexplored even…
Based on the gauge invariant variables proposed in our previous paper [K. Nakamura, Prog. Theor. Phys. vol.110 (2003), 723.], some formulae of the perturbative curvatures of each order are derived. We follow the general framework of the…
Characterising the propagation of particles in an external non-Abelian field only in terms of invariants constructed from its field tensor is not always sufficient, especially, in many analytically tractable and phenomenologically…
We construct a set of states that implement the non-Abelian Gauss's law for QCD. We also construct a set of gauge-invariant operator-valued quark and gluon fields by establishing an explicit unitary equivalence between the Gauss's law…
A covariant, unitary and gauge invariant theory for pion photoproduction on a single nucleon is presented. To achieve gauge invariance at the operator level one needs to include both the $\pi N$ and $\gamma\pi N$ thresholds. The final…
Conformal transformations are obtained by demanding that the form of the metric change by a conformal factor. Nevertheless, this transformation of the metric is not taken into account when a variation of the action is performed. The basic…