Related papers: Equilibria in the Troposphere
The macroturbulent atmospheric circulation of Earth-like planets mediates their equator-to-pole heat transport. For fast-rotating terrestrial planets, baroclinic instabilities in the mid-latitudes lead to turbulent eddies that act to…
To the student of thermodynamics the most difficult subject is entropy. In this paper we examine the actual, practical application of entropy to two simple systems, the homogeneous slab with fixed boundary values of the temperature, and an…
Hydrodynamic description requires a local thermodynamic equilibrium of the system under study but an approximate hydrodynamic behaviour is already manifested when a momentum distribution of liquid components is not of equilibrium form but…
A principle on the macroscopic motion of systems in thermodynamic equilibrium, rarely discussed in texts, is reviewed: Very small but still macroscopic parts of a fully isolated system in thermal equilibrium move as if points of a rigid…
We consider the probability measure minimizing a free energy functional equal to the sum of a Coulomb interaction, a confinement potential and an entropy term, which arises in the statistical mechanics of Coulomb gases. In the limit where…
A quantum system at equilibrium is represented by a corresponding classical system, chosen to reproduce thermodynamic and structural properties. The motivation is to allow application of classical strong coupling theories and molecular…
Gravitational instabilities of isothermal spheres are studied in the presence of a positive or negative cosmological constant, in the Newtonian limit. In gravity, the statistical ensembles are not equivalent. We perform the analysis both in…
How thermal equilibrium is determined in a weakly collisional plasma is a fundamental question in plasma physics. This letter shows that the turbulence driven by the magnetic curvature and density gradient tends to equilibrate the…
We derive generic properties of nonequilibrium phase transitions in all-to-all Ising models placed in contact with two thermal reservoirs, in which parameters (temperatures, interactions and field parameters) assume arbitrary values…
A cell dynamical system model for the troposphere - ionosphere coupling is proposed . Vertical mass exchange in the troposphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere takes place through a chain of eddy systems. Any perturbation in the troposphere would…
The impact of renormalization of the electron spectrum on the chemical potential, heat capacity, and oscillating magnetic moment is studied. The cases of low and high temperatures are considered. At low temperatures, doped graphene behaves…
For modeling the spectra of exoplanets one must know their atmospheric composition. This is necessary because the abundance of molecules, atoms, ions and condensates is needed to construct the total cross-section for the interaction between…
We point out that a special case of an ideal gas exhibits concentration of the volume of its phase space, which is a sphere, around its equator in the thermodynamic limit. The rate of approach to the thermodynamic limit is determined. Our…
The thermodynamical properties of interacting Bose atoms in a harmonic potential are studied within the mean-field approximation. For weak interactions, the quantum statistics is equivalent to an ideal gas in an effective mean-field…
We study non--equilibrium ensemble corrections to particle masses and the effective potential in the early universe, using a uniform momentum distribution as an example. The resulting thermalization temperature is computed assuming \sm…
We test ideas of the recently proposed first-order thermodynamics of scalar-tensor gravity using an exact geometry sourced by a conformally coupled scalar field. We report a non-monotonic behaviour of the effective ``temperature of…
We explore thermodynamics of the apparent horizon in $f(T)$ gravity with both equilibrium and non-equilibrium descriptions. We find the same dual equilibrium/non-equilibrium formulation for $f(T)$ as for $f(R)$ gravity. In particular, we…
The electrostatic screening properties of ionic fluids are of paramount importance in countless physical processes. Yet, the behavior of ionic conductors out of thermal equilibrium has to date mainly been studied in the context of…
We construct a discrete model of fluid particles according to the GENERIC formalism. The model has the form of Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics including correct thermal fluctuations. A slight variation of the model reproduces the…
Many properties of solids such as the glass state are commonly treated as nonequilibrium phenomena, which involve many conceptual difficulties. However, few studies have addressed the problem of understanding equilibrium itself. Equilibrium…