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The POLAR-2 mission consists of 3 instruments designed with the combined aim of producing a deeper understanding of Gamma-Ray Bursts. To achieve this, POLAR-2 relies on polarisation measurements and, for the first time will provide these…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-10 Merlin Kole , Nicolas de Angelis , Jiang He , Hongbang Liu , Jianchao Sun , Fei Xie , Jimmy Zaid

We report the first results from an X-ray polarimeter with a micropattern gas proportional counter using an amorphous silicon active matrix readout. With 100% polarized X-rays at 4.5 keV, we obtain a modulation factor of 0.33 +/- 0.03,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-06-26 J. K. Black , P. Deines-Jones , S. E. Ready , R. A. Street

The E and B Experiment (EBEX) was a long-duration balloon-borne cosmic microwave background polarimeter that flew over Antarctica in 2013. We describe the experiment's optical system, receiver, and polarimetric approach, and report on their…

We present SQUIDPOL, a low-cost, multi-channel optical imaging polarimeter that performs simultaneous linear polarization measurements using a rotating half-wave plate, a non-polarizing beam splitter, and four wire-grid filters. We show…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-04 Sunho Jin , Jooyeon Geem , Masateru Ishiguro , Woojin Park , Heeyoung Oh , Chan Park , Seungwon Choi , Yoonsoo P. Bach , Hyeonwoo Ju , Jinguk Seo , Bumhoo Lim , Myungshin Im

We investigated the potential of polarimetric observations in the optical wavelength range for the detection of exomoons and the characterization of exoplanet-exomoon systems. Using the three-dimensional Monte Carlo radiative transfer code…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-15 M. B. Michaelis , M. Lietzow-Sinjen , S. Wolf

IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) is a Small Explorer mission by NASA and ASI, launched on December 9$^{th}$ 2021, dedicated to investigating X-ray polarimetry allowing angular-, time- and energy-resolved observations in the 2--8…

Accreting X-ray pulsars (XRPs) are presumably ideal targets for polarization measurements, as their high magnetic field strength is expected to polarize the emission up to a polarization degree of ~80%. However, such expectations are being…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-12 Christian Malacaria , Jeremy Heyl , Victor Doroshenko , Sergey S. Tsygankov , Juri Poutanen , Sofia V. Forsblom , Fiamma Capitanio , Alessandro Di Marco , Yujia Du , Lorenzo Ducci , Fabio La Monaca , Alexander A. Lutovinov , Herman L. Marshall , Ilya A. Mereminskiy , Sergey V. Molkov , Mason Ng , Pierre-Olivier Petrucci , Andrea Santangelo , Andrey E. Shtykovsky , Valery F. Suleimanov , Ivan Agudo , Lucio A. Antonelli , Matteo Bachetti , Luca Baldini , Wayne H. Baumgartner , Ronaldo Bellazzini , Stefano Bianchi , Stephen D. Bongiorno , Raffaella Bonino , Alessandro Brez , Niccolo Bucciantini , Simone Castellano , Elisabetta Cavazzuti , Chien-Ting Chen , Stefano Ciprini , Enrico Costa , Alessandra De Rosa , Ettore Del Monte , Laura Di Gesu , Niccolo Di Lalla , Immacolata Donnarumma , Michal Dovciak , Steven R. Ehlert , Teruaki Enoto , Yuri Evangelista , Sergio Fabiani , Riccardo Ferrazzoli , Javier A. Garcia , Shuichi Gunji , Kiyoshi Hayashida , Wataru Iwakiri , Svetlana G. Jorstad , Philip Kaaret , Vladimir Karas , Fabian Kislat , Takao Kitaguchi , Jeffery J. Kolodziejczak1 , Henric Krawczynski , Luca Latronico , Ioannis Liodakis , Simone Maldera , Alberto Manfreda , Frederic Marin , Andrea Marinucci , Alan P. Marscher , Francesco Massaro , Giorgio Matt , Ikuyuki Mitsuishi , Tsunefumi Mizuno , Fabio Muleri , Michela Negro , Chi-Yung Ng , Stephen L. O'Dell , Nicola Omodei , Chiara Oppedisano , Alessandro Papitto , George G. Pavlov , Abel L. Peirson , Matteo Perri , Melissa Pesce-Rollins , Maura Pilia , Andrea Possenti , Simonetta Puccetti , Brian D. Ramsey , John Rankin , Ajay Ratheesh , Oliver J. Roberts , Roger W. Romani , Carmelo Sgro , Patrick Slane , Paolo Soffitta , Gloria Spandre , Douglas A. Swartz , Toru Tamagawa , Fabrizio Tavecchio , Roberto Taverna , Yuzuru Tawara , Allyn F. Tennant , Nicholas E. Thomas , Francesco Tombesi , Alessio Trois , Roberto Turolla , Jacco Vink , Martin C. Weisskopf , Kinwah Wu , Fei Xie , Silvia Zane

Well over 700 exoplanets have been detected to date. Only a handful of these have been observed directly. Direct observation is extremely challenging due to the small separation and very large contrast involved. Imaging polarimetry offers a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 M. Rodenhuis , H. Canovas , S. V. Jeffers , M. de Juan Ovelar , L. Homs , M. Min , C. U. Keller

Improving angular resolution is one of X-ray astronomy's big challenges. While X-ray interferometry should eventually vastly improve broad-band angular resolution, in the near-term, X-ray telescopes will sacrifice angular resolution for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Craig J. Copi , Glenn D. Starkman

PoGOLite is a hard X-ray polarimeter operating in the 25-100 keV energy band. The instrument design is optimised for the observation of compact astrophysical sources. Observations are conducted from a stabilised stratospheric balloon…

Focal plane X-ray polarimetry is intended for relatively bright sources with a negligible impact of background. However this might not be always possible for IXPE (Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer) when observing faint extended sources…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-23 Fei Xie , Riccardo Ferrazzoli , Paolo Soffitta , Sergio Fabiani , Enrico Costa , Fabio Muleri , Alessandro Di Marco

EBEX is a balloon-borne polarimeter designed to measure the intensity and polarization of the cosmic microwave background radiation. The measurements would probe the inflationary epoch that took place shortly after the big bang and would…

The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer is an X-ray observatory measuring the X-ray polarization in the 2-8 keV energy range. Highly sensitive to the system's geometry, X-ray polarization is a unique method to probe the structure of X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-25 M. Brigitte , J. Svoboda

One of the most important parameters defining the angular resolution of an X-ray optical module is its Half-Energy Width (HEW) as a function of the photon energy. Future X-ray telescopes with imaging capabilities (SIMBOL-X, Constellation-X,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-10 D. Spiga

The Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer is a mission dedicated to the measurement of X-ray polarization from tens of astrophysical sources belonging to different classes. Expected to be launched at the end of 2021, the payload comprises…

X-ray polarimetry promises to give qualitatively new information about high-energy sources. Examples of interesting source classes are binary black hole systems, rotation and accretion powered neutron stars, Microquasars, Active Galactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 H. Krawczynski , A. Garson , Q. Guo , M. G. Baring , P. Ghosh , M. Beilicke , K. Lee

The response of the X and Gamma Imaging Spectrometer (XGIS) instrument onboard the Transient High Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS) mission, selected by ESA for an assessment phase in the framework of the Cosmic Vision M5…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-18 Riccardo Campana , Fabio Fuschino , Claudio Labanti , Sandro Mereghetti , Enrico Virgilli , Valentina Fioretti , Mauro Orlandini , John B. Stephen , Lorenzo Amati

We proposed that the European ELT will be equipped with an ultra-high-precision polarimetric light feed as part of its high resolution optical and near-IR spectrograph HIRES. Such a feed is unique among the new ELTs and only possible in a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-11 Klaus G. Strassmeier

We present modelling of X-ray polarisation spectra emerging from the two competing scenarios that are proposed to explain the broad Fe K{\alpha} line in the Seyfert 1 galaxy MCG-6-30-15. The polarisation signature of complex absorption is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 F. Marin , R. W. Goosmann , M. Dovciak , F. Muleri , D. Porquet , N. Grosso , V. Karas , G. Matt
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