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Quantum mechanics is strictly incompatible with local realism. It has been shown by Bell and others that it is possible, in principle, to experimentally differentiate between local realism and quantum mechanics. Numerous experiments have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-24 Patrick Fraser , Barry Sanders

Experimental violation of Bell-inequalities proves actualization of many futures (~ many-worlds); I show that this is not mere interpretation. To show this self-contained pedagogically, I resolve the EPR paradox by starting with a visually…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-06 Sascha Vongehr

It is argued that the traditional "realist" methodology of physics, according to which human concepts, laws and theories can grasp the essence of reality, is incompatible with the most fruitful interpretation of quantum formalism. The proof…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-19 M. Ferrero , D. Salgado , J. L. Sanchez-Gomez

We discuss in this work the contradictory position in modern Physics between the existence of a microphysical quantum Reality and macrophysical classical one. After discussing some basic concepts in Philosophy, we revisit the situation of…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-01-19 J. E. Horvath , R. Rosas Fernandes , T. E. Idiart

Contrary to classical physics, which was strongly objective i.e. could be interpreted as a description of mind-independent reality, standard quantum mechanics (SQM) is only weakly objective, that is to say, its statements, though…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-27 Bernard d'Espagnat

Here it is shown that the simplest description of Bell's experiment according to the canon of von Neumann's theory of measurement explicitly assumes the (Quantum Mechanics-language equivalent of the classical) condition of Locality. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-28 Alejandro Hnilo

We propose an interpretation of physics named potentiality realism. This view, which can be applied to classical as well as to quantum physics, regards potentialities (i.e. intrinsic, objective propensities for individual events to obtain)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Flavio Del Santo , Nicolas Gisin

Applications of quantum mechanics have led to many successful predictions and explanations of puzzling phenomena, and we now apply quantum mechanics to gain, process, and communicate information in novel ways. We can understand quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Richard Healey

While complex numbers are essential in mathematics, they are not needed to describe physical experiments, expressed in terms of probabilities, hence real numbers. Physics however aims to explain, rather than describe, experiments through…

The discussion of the foundations of quantum mechanics is complicated by the fact that a number of different issues are closely entangled. Three of these issues are i) the interpretation of probability, ii) the choice between realist and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-08-23 Willem M. de Muynck

Both classical and respectively quantum observables can be modeled as somewhat similar examples of random variables. In such a model the associated measurements preserve the values spectrum of an observable but change the corresponding…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-03-20 S. Dumitru , A. Boer

Bell's Theorem proved that one cannot in general reproduce the results of quantum theory with a classical, deterministic local model. However, Einstein originally considered the case where one could define an 'element of reality', namely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-05-01 Daniel M. Greenberger , Michael A. Horne , Anton Zeilinger

Bell theorems show how to experimentally falsify local realism. Conclusive falsification is highly desirable as it would provide support for the most profoundly counterintuitive feature of quantum theory - nonlocality. Despite the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-22 Anne Broadbent , Hilary A. Carteret , Andre Allan Methot , Jonathan Walgate

The quantum description of the microscopic world is incompatible with the classical description of the macroscopic world, both mathematically and conceptually. Nevertheless, it is generally accepted that classical mechanics emerges from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-11 Miguel Gallego , Borivoje Dakić

The main argument against the assumption that quantum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field are real is that they do not activate photon detectors. In order to met this objection I study several models of photon counter compatible with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Emilio Santos

The status of locality in quantum mechanics is analyzed from a nonstandard point of view. It is assumed that quantum states are relative, they depend on and are defined with respect to some bigger physical system which contains the former…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Gyula Bene

The violation of Bell inequalities seems to establish an important fact about the world: that it is non-local. However, this result relies on the assumption of the statistical independence of the measurement settings with respect to…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2020-09-30 Augustin Baas , Baptiste Le Bihan

Physics is based on probabilities as fundamental entities of a mathematical description. Expectation values of observables are computed according to the classical statistical rule. The overall probability distribution for one world covers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-28 C. Wetterich

At a fundamental level, the classical picture of the world is dead, and has been dead now for almost a century. Pinning down exactly which quantum phenomena are responsible for this has proved to be a tricky and controversial question, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-04 David Jennings , Matthew Leifer

Selection artefacts are common in science. A method of selecting samples from a larger population may produce bias, in either direction. It may induce correlations between variables independent in the full population, or mask correlations…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-04 Huw Price