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X-ray dark-field or ultra-small angle scatter imaging has become increasingly important since the introduction of phase-based x-ray imaging and is having transformative impact in fields such as in vivo lung imaging and explosives detection.…
It is usually assumed that dark matter direct detection is sensitive to a large fraction of the dark matter (DM) velocity distribution. We propose an alternative form of dark matter-nucleus scattering which only probes a narrow range of DM…
Material properties strongly depend on the nature and concentration of defects. Characterizing these features may require nano- to atomic-scale resolution to establish structure-property relationships. 4D-STEM, a technique where diffraction…
The {\AA}ngstr\"om-sized probe of the scanning transmission electron microscope can visualize and collect spectra from single atoms. This can unambiguously resolve the chemical structure of materials, but not their isotopic composition.…
With the development of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, methods have been proposed to precisely estimate the thickness, refractive index, and attenuation coefficient of a sample. In this article, we propose a new method to compute these…
Dual energy CT (DECT) enhances tissue characterization because it can produce images of basis materials such as soft-tissue and bone. DECT is of great interest in applications to medical imaging, security inspection and nondestructive…
We introduce a new image contrast mechanism for scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) that derives from the local symmetry within the specimen. For a given position of the electron probe on the specimen, the image intensity is…
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) has been widely applied to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and soft-tissue composition of human body. However, the use of DEXA is greatly limited for low-Z materials such as soft tissues due to…
Aberration-corrected optics have made electron microscopy at atomic-resolution a widespread and often essential tool for nanocharacterization. Image resolution is dominated by beam energy and the numerical aperture of the lens ({\alpha}),…
X-ray interaction with matter is an energy-dependent process that is contingent on the atomic structure of the constituent material elements. The most advanced models to capture this relationship currently rely on Monte Carlo (MC)…
This project is focused on the development of a novel strategy for the precise measurement of beta decay energy spectra. The exact determination of beta spectra has wide implications in the particle and nuclear physics fields: from sterile…
Optoelectronic devices based on graphene and other two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are the focus of wide research interest. The characterization these emerging atomically thin materials and…
The translation of an early (1957), Russian article on the development of x-ray computed tomography is provided. The article demonstrates a principle possibility of determining the local attenuation coefficient in every element of a…
We revisit the detection of luminous dark matter in direct detection experiments. In this scenario, dark matter scatters endothermically to produce an excited state, which decays to produce a photon. We explore ways in which the electron…
Differential dynamic microscopy (DDM) is increasingly used in the fields of soft matter physics and biophysics to extract the dynamics of microscopic objects across a range of wavevectors using optical microscopy. Standard DDM is limited to…
Dual spectral computed tomography (DSCT) can achieve energy- and material-selective images, and has a superior distinguishability of some materials than conventional single spectral computed tomography (SSCT). However, the decomposition…
We present a new conceptual radiation detector, the Architected Multimaterial Scintillator System, that utilizes a scintillator composed of multiple materials arranged in architected structures to enable new capabilities. By structuring…
Spectroscopy is an important tool for probing the properties of materials, chemicals and biological samples. We design a practical transmitter-receiver system that exploits entanglement to achieve a provable quantum advantage over all…
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been extensively studied in recent years due to their unique properties and great potential for applications. Different types of structural defects could present in 2D materials and have strong influence…
We present a spectrogram separation method tailored for mixtures comprising two nonstationary components. By exploiting the unique characteristics of their time-frequency representations, we propose an inverse problem formulation to…