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This chapter is an introduction to the Free Fermionic Formulation of String Theory, with emphasis on heterotic model building. After a brief review of bosonization in two dimensional conformal field theories, we discuss how internal bosonic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-10-27 Ioannis Florakis , John Rizos

Using software under development at Baylor University, we explicitly construct all layer 1 gauge, weakly coupled free fermionic heterotic string models up to order 22 in four large space-time dimensions. The gauge models consist primarily…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-30 D. Moore , J. Greenwald , T. Renner , M. Robinson , C. Buescher , M. Janas , G. Miller , S. Ruhnau , G. Cleaver

An algorithm to systematically and efficiently generate free fermionic heterotic string models was recently introduced. This algorithm has been adopted by the Free Fermionic Model Construction (FFMC) program at Baylor University. As its…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-04-21 Richard K. Obousy , Matthew B. Robinson , Gerald B. Cleaver

Free fermionic models and symmetric heterotic toroidal orbifolds both constitute exact backgrounds that can be used effectively for phenomenological explorations within string theory. Even though it is widely believed that for Z2xZ2…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-15 P. Athanasopoulos , A. E. Faraggi , S. Groot Nibbelink , V. M. Mehta

Using Baylor University's C++ software for construction of weakly coupled free fermionic heterotic string models, called the FF Framework, we explicitly construct the level 1 Ka\v{c}-Moody ten dimensional heterotic string models with the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-05-28 Timothy Renner , Jared Greenwald , Douglas Moore , Gerald Cleaver

Hierarchical inductive biases are hypothesized to promote generalizable policies in reinforcement learning, as demonstrated by explicit hyperbolic latent representations and architectures. Therefore, a more flexible approach is to have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Tomohiro Hayase , Benoît Collins , Nakamasa Inoue

I survey the parameter space of NAHE-based free fermionic heterotic string models. First, I discuss flat directions of the low energy effective field theories and show that D-flat directions need not be isomorphic to gauge invariant…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-08-23 Gerald Cleaver

The classification method of the free fermionic heterotic string vacua is extended to models where the $SO(10)$ GUT symmetry is broken directly at the string scale to the Left-Right Symmetric subgroup. Our method involves using a fixed set…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-01 Alon E. Faraggi , Glyn Harries , John Rizos

While reduced-order models (ROMs) have been popular for efficiently solving large systems of differential equations, the stability of reduced models over long-time integration is of present challenges. We present a greedy approach for ROM…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2018-03-20 Babak Maboudi Afkham , Jan S. Hesthaven

A problem of recent interest has been to study how large subsets of the natural numbers can be while avoiding 3-term geometric progressions. Building on recent progress on this problem, we consider the analogous problem over quadratic…

Classification of Left-Right Symmetric (LRS) heterotic-string vacua in the free fermionic formulation, using random generation of generalised GSO (GGSO) projection coefficients, produced phenomenologically viable models with probability…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-03-16 Alon E. Faraggi , Glyn Harries , Benjamin Percival , John Rizos

Recently it was demonstrated that free fermionic heterotic-strings can produce models with solely the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model states in the low energy spectrum. This unprecedented result provides further strong evidence for…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-31 Gerald B. Cleaver , Alon E. Faraggi , Christopher Savage

A structured version of derivative-free random pattern search optimization algorithms is introduced which is able to exploit coordinate partially separable structure (typically associated with sparsity) often present in unconstrained and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-13 Margherita Porcelli , Philippe L. Toint

We show how fermionic statistics can be naturally incorporated in tensor networks on arbitrary graphs through the use of graded Hilbert spaces. This formalism allows to use tensor network methods for fermionic lattice systems in a local…

Bayesian Optimization (BO) has shown significant success in tackling expensive low-dimensional black-box optimization problems. Many optimization problems of interest are high-dimensional, and scaling BO to such settings remains an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-02 Eric Han , Ishank Arora , Jonathan Scarlett

We explore the use of real fermionization as a test case for understanding how specific features of phenomenological interest in the low-energy effective superpotential are realized in exact solutions to heterotic superstring theory. We…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-10-28 S. Chaudhuri , S. -wei Chung , G. Hockney , J. Lykken

Estimating graphical model structure from high-dimensional and undersampled data is a fundamental problem in many scientific fields. Existing approaches, such as GLASSO, latent variable GLASSO, and latent tree models, suffer from high…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-09-18 Greg Ver Steeg , Hrayr Harutyunyan , Daniel Moyer , Aram Galstyan

This paper presents generalized probabilistic models for high-order projective dependency parsing and an algorithmic framework for learning these statistical models involving dependency trees. Partition functions and marginals for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-02-17 Xuezhe Ma , Hai Zhao

We present a variation of the NAHE-basis for free fermionic heterotic string models. By rotating some of the boundary conditions of the NAHE periodic/anti-periodic fermions {y^m, \bar{y}^m, w^m, \bar{w}^m,}, for m = 1 to 6, associated with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2011-07-13 Jared Greenwald , Douglas Moore , Kristen Pechan , Tim Renner , Tibra Ali , Gerald Cleaver

Utilizing the Gauge Framework, software under development at Baylor University, we explicitly construct all layer 1 weakly coupled free fermionic heterotic string (WCFFHS) gauge models up to order 32 in four to ten large spacetime…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-06-03 Douglas Moore , Jared Greenwald , Gerald Cleaver
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