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Mechanisms of the formation and stability of sunspots are among the longest-standing and intriguing puzzles of solar physics and astrophysics. Sunspots are controlled by subsurface dynamics hidden from direct observations. Recently,…
The long term study of the Sun is necessary if we are to determine the evolution of sunspot properties and thereby inform modeling of the solar dynamo, particularly on scales of a solar cycle. We aim to determine a number of sunspot…
The solar atmosphere is a dynamic environment, constantly evolving to form a wide range of magnetically dominated structures (coronal loops, spicules, prominences, etc.) which cover a significant percentage of the surface at any one time.…
The Helioseismic Magnetic Imager (HMI) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) records line-of-sight Dopplergram images of convective flows on the surface. These images are used to obtain the multi-scale convective spectrum. We design…
The analysis of the photospheric velocity field is essential for understanding plasma turbulence in the solar surface, which may be responsible for driving processes such as magnetic reconnection, flares, wave propagation, particle…
Motivated by the problem of local solar subsurface magnetic structure, we have used numerical simulation to investigate the propagation of waves through monolithic magnetic flux tubes of different size. A cluster model can be a good…
We investigate the propagation of high-speed solar wind streams from their origin near the Sun to 1 AU using three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations. By tracking both global stream structure and individual plasma parcels, we…
We analyze spectral properties of solar convection in the range of depths from 0 to 19~Mm using subsurface flow maps obtained by the time-distance heiioseismology analysis of solar-oscillation data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager…
The propagation of solar waves through the sunspot of AR 9787 is observed using temporal cross-correlations of SOHO/MDI Dopplergrams. We then use three-dimensional MHD numerical simulations to compute the propagation of wave packets through…
High-cadence, synchronized, multiwavelength optical observations of a solar active region (NOAA 10794) are presented. The data were obtained with the Dunn Solar Telescope at the National Solar Observatory/Sacramento Peak using a newly…
The variation of solar irradiance is one of the natural forcing mechanisms of the terrestrial climate. Hence, the time-dependent solar irradiance is an important input parameter for climate modelling. The solar surface magnetic field is a…
We investigate how rotationally-constrained, deep convection might give rise to supergranulation, the largest distinct spatial scale of convection observed in the solar photosphere. While supergranulation is only weakly influenced by…
The sunspot penumbra is usually observed in the photosphere and it is of particular interest for its magneto-convection which seems to transport the heat from the top of the convection zone into the solar atmosphere. It is well known that…
We tested whether simultaneous spectropolarimetric imaging in two magnetically sensitive optical spectral lines, which probe two different layers of the solar atmosphere (the photosphere and the temperature minimum), can help constrain the…
Previous studies have discovered a population of small granules with diameters less than 800 km showing differing physical properties. High resolution simulations and observations of the solar granulation, in combination with automated…
Regions of quiet Sun generally exhibit a complex distribution of small-scale magnetic field structures, which interact with the near-surface turbulent convective motions. Furthermore, it is probable that some of these magnetic fields are…
High cadence, multi-wavelength observations and simulations are employed for the analysis of solar photospheric magnetic bright points (MBPs) in the quiet Sun. The observations were obtained with the Rapid Oscillations in the Solar…
We study the plasma flows in the solar photosphere during the emergence of two small active regions, NOAA 9021 and 10768. Using SOHO/MDI data, we find that the strong plasma upflows appear at the initial stage of active region formation,…
Microparticles ranging from sub-microns to millimeter in size are a common form of matter in magnetic fusion environment, and they are highly mobile due to their small mass. Different forces in addition to gravity can affect their motion…
We investigate the ratio of the vertical and horizontal velocities of the photospheric plasma flows in the region of emerging magnetic fields on the Sun. We carried out a study of photospheric velocities during the first hours of the…