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The metal-poor stars in the Galactic halo are thought to show the imprints of the first (PopIII) stars, and thus provide a glance at the first episodes of star formation. In this work, we aim at understanding whether all very metal-poor…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-10-06 Irene Vanni , Stefania Salvadori , Ása Skúladóttir , Martina Rossi , Ioanna Koutsouridou

The first stars ended the cosmic Dark Ages and created the first heavy elements necessary for the formation of planets and life. The properties of these stars remain uncertain, and it may be decades before individual Pop III stars are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Daniel J. Whalen , Chris L. Fryer , Daniel E. Holz , Alexander Heger , S. E. Woosley , Massimo Stiavelli , Wesley Even , Lucille L. Frey

With the first metal enrichment by Population (Pop) III supernovae (SNe), the formation of the first metal-enriched, Pop II stars becomes possible. In turn, Pop III star formation and early metal enrichment are slowed by the high energy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Jarrett L. Johnson , Claudio Dalla Vecchia , Sadegh Khochfar

In this paper the role of very massive pop III stars in the chemical enrichment of the early universe is discussed. We first compare our predictions with the abundance ratios measured in the high redshift Lyman-alpha forest to check whether…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 F. Matteucci , F. Calura

Our current understanding of the chemical evolution of the Universe is that a first generation of stars was formed out of primordial material, completely devoid of metals (Pop III stars). This first population of stars comprised massive…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-15 P. Bonifacio , E. Caffau , M. Spite

The chemically most primitive stars provide constraints on the nature of the first stellar objects that formed in the Universe; elements other than hydrogen, helium and traces of lithium within these objects were generated by…

Context. The recent detection of nitrogen-enhanced, metal-poor galaxies at high redshift by the James Webb Space Telescope has sparked renewed interest in exploring the chemical evolution of carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen (the CNO elements)…

Population (Pop) III stars, first stars, or metal-free stars are made of primordial gas. We have examined if they can be dominant origins of merging binary black holes (BHs) and extremely metal-poor stars. The abundance pattern of EMP stars…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-06 Ataru Tanikawa , Gen Chiaki , Tomoya Kinugawa , Yudai Suwa , Nozomu Tominaga

The first primitive galaxies formed from accretion and mergers by z ~ 15, and were primarily responsible for cosmological reionization and the chemical enrichment of the early cosmos. But a few of these galaxies may have formed in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Daniel J. Whalen , Jarrett J. Johnson , Joseph Smidt , Avery Meiksin , Alexander Heger , Wesley Even , Chris L. Fryer

Population III (or Pop. III) stars, the first stellar generation built up from metal-free primordial gas, first started to form at redshifts z ~ 30. They formed primarily in small dark matter halos with masses of a few million solar masses.…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-19 Simon C. O. Glover , Ralf S. Klessen

Primordial, or Pop III, supernovae (SNe) were the first, great nucleosynthetic engines in the Universe, forging the heavy elements required for the later formation of planets, and life. Past studies suggest that the rise of planet formation…

Metal-poor stars provide the fossil record of Galactic chemical evolution and the nucleosynthesis processes that took place at the earliest times in the history of our Galaxy. From detailed abundance studies of low mass, extremely…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-11 T. Hansen , C. J. Hansen , N. Christlieb , D. Yong , T. C. Beers , J. Andersen

We propose a new neutron-capture site in early metal-poor and metal-free stars of $\sim 20$--$30 \,\mathrm{M}_\odot$ that results from proton ingestion in the He shell during late stages of the stars' lives. Most of the neutron capture…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-12 Projjwal Banerjee , Yong-Zhong Qian , Alexander Heger

We present numerical simulations to describe the nucleosynthesis and evolution of pre-Galactic clouds in a model which is motivated by cold dark matter simulations of hierarchical galaxy formation. We adopt a SN-induced star-formation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 L. Saleh , T. C. Beers , G. J. Mathews

Stars more massive than $\sim$ 20 - 25 \ms form a black hole at the end of their evolution. Stars with non-rotating black holes are likely to collapse "quietly" ejecting a small amount of heavy elements (Faint supernovae). In contrast,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 K. Nomoto , K. Maeda , H. Umeda , N. Tominaga , T. Ohkubo , J. Deng , P. A. Mazzali

The nature of the first massive stars may be inferred by investigating the origin of the extremely metal-poor (EMP) stars, likely formed from the ejecta of one or a few previous massive stars. We investigate the rotational properties of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-09 Arthur Choplin , Nozomu Tominaga , M. N. Ishigaki

The emergence of the first sources of light at redshifts of z ~ 10-30 signaled the transition from the simple initial state of the Universe to one of increasing complexity. We review recent progress in our understanding of the formation of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Torgny Karlsson , Volker Bromm , Joss Bland-Hawthorn

It has been proposed theoretically that the first generation of stars in the Universe (population III) would be as massive as 100 solar masses (100Mo), because of inefficient cooling of the precursor gas clouds. Recently, the most…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-24 Hideyuki Umeda , Ken'ichi Nomoto

The chemical composition of extremely metal-poor stars (EMP stars; [Fe/H]<~ -3) is a unique tracer of early nucleosynthesis in the Galaxy. As such stars are rare, we wish to find classes of luminous stars which can be studied at high…

We present preliminary results of stellar structure and nucleosynthesis calculations for some early stars. The study (still in progress) seeks to explore the expected chemical signatures of second generation low- and intermediate-mass stars…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. W. Campbell