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This paper deals with several technical issues of non-perturbative four-dimensional Lorentzian canonical quantum gravity in the continuum that arose in connection with the recently constructed Wheeler-DeWitt quantum constraint operator. 1)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-30 Thomas Thiemann

We consider the evolution of quantum fields on a classical background space-time, formulated in the language of differential geometry. Time evolution along the worldlines of observers is described by parallel transport operators in an…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Dirk Graudenz

We describe a scheme for the exploration of quantum gravity phenomenology focussing on effects that could be thought as arising from a fundamental granularity of space-time. In contrast with the simplest assumptions, such granularity is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Yuri Bonder , Daniel Sudarsky

We study a collection of discrete Markov chains related to the causal set approach to modeling discrete theories of quantum gravity. The transition probabilities of these chains satisfy a general covariance principle, a causality principle,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Avner Ash , Patrick McDonald

The Wheeler-DeWitt (WdW) equation does not describe any explicit time evolution of the wave function, and somehow related to this issue, there is no natural way of defining an invariant inner product that provides a viable probability…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-19 Ali Kaya

It is expected that a quantum theory of gravity will radically alter our current notion of spacetime geometry. However, contrary to what was commonly assumed for many decades, quantum gravity effects could manifest in scales much larger…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-14 Eduardo A. B. Oliveira , Andre G. S. Landulfo

Several conceptual aspects of quantum gravity are studied on the example of the homogeneous isotropic LQC model. In particular: $(i)$ The proper time of the co-moving observers is showed to be a quantum operator {and} a quantum spacetime…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-01-27 Wojciech Kaminski , Jerzy Lewandowski , Tomasz Pawlowski

The identification of physical subsystems in quantum mechanics as compared to classical mechanics poses significant conceptual challenges, especially in the context of quantum gravity. Traditional approaches associate quantum systems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-25 Guilherme Franzmann

To enhance the consistency between the quantum descriptions of waves and particles, we quantise mechanical point particles in this paper in the same physically-motivated way as we previously quantised light in quantum electrodynamics…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 Arwa Bukhari , Daniel Hodgson , Sara Kanzi , Robert Purdy , Almut Beige

Local observables in (perturbative) quantum gravity are notoriously hard to define, since the gauge symmetry of gravity -- diffeomorphisms -- moves points on the manifold. In particular, this is a problem for backgrounds of high symmetry…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-14 Markus B. Fröb , Albert Much , Kyriakos Papadopoulos

The standard formulation of quantum theory relies on a fixed space-time metric determining the localisation and causal order of events. In general relativity, the metric is influenced by matter, and is expected to become indefinite when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-08 Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Flaminia Giacomini , Alessio Belenchia , Časlav Brukner

The problem of time in canonical quantum gravity is related to the fact that the canonical description is based on the prior choice of a spacelike foliation, hence making a reference to a spacetime metric. However, the metric is expected to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-10 Ntina Savvidou

A commonly adopted relational account of time evolution in generally-covariant systems, and more specifically in quantum cosmology, is argued to be unsatisfactory, insofar as it describes evolution relative to observed readings of a clock…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-03-10 Ian D. Lawrie

We investigate the relationship between the generalized uncertainty principle in quantum gravity and the quantum deformation of the Poincar\'e algebra. We find that a deformed Newton-Wigner position operator and the generators of spatial…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-11-13 Michele Maggiore

In the canonical approach to quantization of gravity, one often uses relational clock variables and an interpretation in terms of conditional probabilities to overcome the problem of time. In this essay we show that these suffer from…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-23 Nirmalya Kajuri

We develop a new interpretation of quantum theory by combining insights from extended Wigner's friend scenarios and quantum causal modelling. In this interpretation, which synthesizes ideas from relational quantum mechanics and consistent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-01 Nick Ormrod , Jonathan Barrett

We consider the consistent deformation of the relativistic quantum mechanics introducing the noncommutativity of the space-time and preserving the Lorentz symmetry. The relativistic wave equation describing the spinning particle on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-04-21 V. G. Kupriyanov

These notes summarise a talk surveying the combinatorial or Hamiltonian quantisation of three dimensional gravity in the Chern-Simons formulation, with an emphasis on the role of quantum groups and on the way the various physical constants…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-20 Bernd J Schroers

The physics of low-energy quantum systems is usually studied without explicit consideration of the background spacetime. Phenomena inherent to quantum theory on curved space-time, such as Hawking radiation, are typically assumed to be only…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-02 Igor Pikovski , Magdalena Zych , Fabio Costa , Caslav Brukner

For a Dirac theory of quantum gravity obtained from the refined algebraic quantization procedure, we propose a quantum notion of Cauchy surfaces. In such a theory, there is a kernel projector for the quantized scalar and momentum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-09-07 Chun-Yen Lin